1849. 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
61 
turn it once or twice, while heating, for fifteen minutes. 
Then put it up to the fire, and allow about twenty-five 
minutes for each pound. Turkey must be cooked very 
thoroughly. It must roast slowly at first, and be often 
basted with butter on a fork. Dredge it with flour just 
before taking it up, and let it brown. 
Put the inwards in a skillet to boil for two hours, 
chop them up, season them, use the liquor they are 
boiled in, for gravy, and thicken it with brown flour, 
and a bit of butter, the size of a hen's egg. This is 
the giblet sauce. Take the drippings, say half a pint, 
thickened with a paste made of a tablespoonful of brown 
or white flour, and let it simmer five minutes, and then 
use it for thin gravy. 
Janmx 5 ^Tote-Book. 
Hints as to Wintering Stock. 
Eds. Cultivator —The season of the year has now 
arrived, when all our stock, must depend wholly upon 
our care and feeding. Have you got more than you can 
winter well? If so, sell off until you are sure that 
you have no more than you can winter, so as to have 
them in good condition in the spring. 
All young animals should be kept steadily growing, 
winter and summer, from the time they are dropped, 
until they have grown to full size, and all their quali¬ 
ties are properly developed; not stuffed or pampered at 
any time, so as to cause an unnatural growth ; but let 
it be uniform and continuous. All animals, whether 
old or young, should be kept in uniform good condition 
the year round. If they are suffered to run down du¬ 
ring the winter, and come out poor in the spring, it 
takes some two months, say from the middle of April 
till the middle of June, to bring them up to the condi¬ 
tion they were in the previous fall ; and frequently their 
constitution becomes so impaired that they never get 
fairly over. This rule holds good with reference to all 
kinds of stock, whatever maybe the uses for which they 
are kept, or intended. There is no rule which accords 
better wuth good economy, and natural principles, than 
that we should keep no more stock than we can keep 
well. This will prove profitable to the farmer, and 
comfortable to his stock. Farmer. Columbia , N. Y . 
Profits of Farming. 
Eds. Cultivator —Nothing in your paper which I 
have read, during the past three years, for which I 
have been a subscriber, has interested me moi'e, than 
your descriptions of farms in this and other States; and 
the statements made by farmers themselves, of their 
own experiments, profits and expenses in the different 
branches of their business. 
And I think it w r ould be profitable, as well as inter¬ 
esting, to most of your readers, if some of the real, 
practical and working farmers would keep correct ac¬ 
counts of their business, and make and publish state¬ 
ments ir. The Cultivator of their incomes and expenses 
in the various localities, and in all the different branch¬ 
es of husbandry. Such statements should contain the 
amount of capital invested, the proximity and facility 
to market, and particular branch carried on. By com¬ 
prising these statements, we might make some estimate 
of the relative value of farms at different places, and 
also, of the various degrees of profitableness of the va¬ 
rious branches and modes of management. 
My farm is situated in the town of Sidney, Delaware 
county, N. Y., and contains about eighty acres, sixty 
of which are improved, or beginning to be improved. 
A section of it, divided from the rest by a small creek, 
is a low flat, and has been mowed some thirty or forty 
years in succession. This piece contains about eight¬ 
een acres. Another piece of twenty acres is nearly le¬ 
vel, and suitable to plow, though somewhat stony. I 
have a few acres of pasture that never was plowed, be¬ 
ing rather wet, and some side hill too steep to till con¬ 
veniently. I mowed the past season eighteen acres; 
about six acres were under the plow, and the remainder 
was in pasture. 
I bought my farm in 1845, for $1,300, and this is the 
second season I have occupied it myself. A part of 
my pasture produces but little, on account of the bri¬ 
ars with which it was overrun, when I purchased, and 
which I have been unable to subdue yet. My principal 
business is making butter. I kept the past season, five 
four year old heifers, and seven cows—twelve in all. I 
also kept one horse, fifteen sheep, and a yearling bull. 
I live one hundred miles from Catskill,the nearest mar¬ 
ket or shipping place. I sold my butter and pork at 
my own house. 
Sold at my own house, 2,000 lbs. butter, at 
16^ cts. per lb ,. $325 00 
do. Pork, 1,000 lbs. at 4^ cts., ...». 45 00 
do. 50 bushels oats, at 31| ets. per bush.,.. 15 62 
do. 30 u corn, at 50 il li ...... 15 00 
Calf skins, .... 5 00 
A calf,...... 3 00 
A yearling, ... 6 00 
7 tons hay, at $6 per ton,. 42 00 
Wool, poultry, eggs, tallow, hides, &c., &c., 
to the amount of,... 50 56 
Sold,. $507 18 
Merchants', grocers' and mechanics' 
bills amount to,.$91 07 
Paid help in the house,*. 23 00 
u on the farm,. 25 00 —- 
Expenses,... $139 07 
Profits,. $368 11 
In the foregoing account I estimated only the produce 
I actually sold, making no reckoning of what was con¬ 
sumed in the family, consisting of four persons. My 
stock now is about the same as at the beginning of the 
year. From my seven cows and five heifers, I sold two 
thousand pounds of butter, besides what my family 
used in one year, which is not far from three hundred 
pounds; making in the whole, 2,300 hundred pounds. 
If my cows had been all of mature age, they would 
have averaged 200 lbs a piece. My fd?d in the sum¬ 
mer is common pasture—in the wnnter it is good hay, 
with roots or provender of some sort, just before and 
after calving. My cows are all of the common or na¬ 
tive breed, and generally small size. Sluman L. Wat¬ 
tles. Sidney Centre, Del . Co., N. Y. Dec. 26, 1848. 
Maple Sugar, Indian Corn, «&c. 
Eds. Cultivator—I propose to offer a few remarks 
and suggestions, on various subjects connected with the 
object of The Cultivator , and should they prove of ser¬ 
vice to any of your numerous readers, it will be a suf¬ 
ficient compensation for the labor of preparing them. 
Sinking Rocks —Many farms are encumbered to 
some extent with rocks of various sizes, sprinkled about 
and causing great inconvenience to the plowman. 
Blasting is frequently resorted to for their removal. 
Some rocks, however, are so hard as almost to bid de¬ 
fiance to the drill; and besides, this method is attended 
with some expense, and not wholly without danger. 
Having been in the practice, for many long years, of 
encountering these obstacles, I resolved to dispose of 
them by the sinking mode—that is, to dig a pit by and 
partly under the rock, sufficiently deep and broad, so 
I that wdien tumbled in,"the plow can freely pass over it. 
