1849. 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
63 
Hunter, of Lycoming Co., Pa., and is there known by 
the name of the White Blue Stem. It is a white, 
smooth wheat 
It may not be amiss to remark that a portion of the 
5| acres, was before this treatment, an unproductive, 
olay hill side, much washed and gullied, and in fact the 
whole field was very uneven and hilly; but the earth 
being loosened to so great a depth by the subsoil plow, 
all the water that fell on it was retained, so that it did 
not wash, and notwithstanding the heavy rains of last 
winter, the face of the ground was completely unbroken 
Jas. L. Cox. Zanesville , 0. 
Commerce of the New-York Canals. 
The following valuable tables in regard to the amount 
and value of produce received at tide-water through the 
New-York canals, during the years 1846, 1847 and 
1848, -were prepared for the Albany Evening Journal, 
from the official reports of the collector’s offices at Al¬ 
bany, West Troy and Waterford. The information em¬ 
braced is of a kind which renders the tables worthy of 
preservation for future reference. 
Statement showing the total quantity of each article which came 
to the Hudson River on the New-York Canals, during the years 
1846, 1847, and 1848:— 
The Forest. 
Product of Wood. 
Boards and scantling,. 
Timber,.cubic feet. 
Staves,.bbta 
Wood,.cords. 
Agriculture. 
Product of Animats 
Pork,.bbls. 
Beef,.. 
Cheese, . “ 
Butter,. “ 
Card,. “ 
Wool,. “ 
Hides,. “ 
Vegetable Food. 
Flour,.bbls 
Wheat,.bush. 
Rye,. .... “ 
Corn,. “ 
Barley,. “ 
Other grain,. “ 
Shiff stuffs,. “ 
Peas and beans,. “ 
Potatoes,. “ 
Dried fruits,.bbls. 
Other Agricultural product--. 
Cotton,.lbs. 
Tobacco,. u 
Grass seed,. “ 
Flaxseed,. “ 
Hops. “ 
Manufactures. 
Domestic spirits, .....gals. 
Leather,...lbs. 
Furniture,.“ 
Bar and Pig lead,. “ 
Bloom and Bar iron,.... “ 
Tig iron,...' “ 
Iron ware,.“ 
Domestic woolens,. “ 
Domestic cottons,. u 
Salt,.bush. 
Other Articles. 
Stone, lime, &c.,.lbs. 
Gypsum,.“ 
Mineral coal,.“ 
Sundries, . u 
Statement showing the aggregate value of the property which 
came to the Hudson River on all the Canals, during the years 
1S46,1847, and 1848, under the divisions as specified in the above 
table:— 
1846. 
1847. 
l 1848. 
817,15C 
566,00C 
1 557,271" 
• 260,335,271 
. 299,078,633 
!262,279,116 
, 69,82S 
! 101,527 
104,270 
, 1,798,19S 
t 1,613,943 
2,098,777 
• 106,152,500 
l 95,104,060 
113,656,951 
11,832 
! 12,331 
13,861 
46,S12 
! 37,538 
38,229 
80,093 
76,179 
87,930 
34,600 
71,266 
60,570 
4,000,500 
4,902,000 
8,183,285 
35,560,118 
40,844,000 
43,278,526 
21,477,657 
22,721,000 
23,729,997 
6,721,000 
4,343,000 
9,925,666 
8,866,376 
12,044,000 
8,529,331 ' 
310,900 
172/000 
174,9&5 
■ 3,063,441 
3,952,972 
3,131,095 : 
• 2,950,636 
4,143,830 
3,116,134 
321,799 
295,119 
286,919 . 
1,610,149 
6,053,845 
2,953,963 
1,427,953 
1,523,020 
1,548,197 
1,920,800 
2,040,052 
2,077,724 1 
l,4l>3,232 
2,091,681 
1,437,487 1 
96,800 
106,088 
75., 808 
230,939 
108,369 
115,629 ] 
1,502,900 
3,558,000 
1,828,145 j 
445,100 
474,000 
174,700 * 
2,609,100 
1,228,000 
350,935 1 
1,094,400 
3,308,000 
1,667,030 
5,233,700 
4,128,000 
1,763,393 , 
1,690,500 
1,948,000 
1,597,342 j 
1,126,549 
1,693,076 
1,606,131 . 
5,160,654 
5,168,000 
4,538,951 
2,226,114 
1,972,000 
1,535,365 < 
489,800 
482,000 
86,100 s 
10,892,243 
26,348,000 
29,787,506 
10,574,740 
21,608,000 
11,528,683 
1,'219,091 
2,014,000 
2,314.064 1 
1,425,340 
1,756,0.00 
1,103,564 £ 
2,324,774 
2,396,090 
2,493,561 
692,442 
382,390 
343,618 
44,200,033 
59,094,000 
65,246,668 * 
12,084,100 
8,518,000 
3,715,980 
18,846,660 
32,580,000 
48,291,417 
90,841,614 
147,988,000 
97,796,439 i 
1846. 
1847. 
1848. 
The Forest,. .. 
Agriculture,. 
Manufactures,. 
$8,589,291 
33,662,818 
4,805,799 
276,872 
3,770,476 
$8,798,373 
54,624,849 
6,024,518 
517,594 
3,127,080 
$6,994,469 
37,336,390 
3,834,360 
593,619 
2,210,623 
Merchandize,. 
Other articles,. 
Total,... 
$51,105,256 
$73,092,414 
$50,969,461 
The Cultivation of the Potato. 
Eds. Cultivator —My own experiments of eight 
years, with the potato, have very much encouraged me 
to continue the alternate culture of seed and its seed¬ 
lings, with careful selections. 
The process does materially Improve the potatoe in 
new and excellent varieties —in health and productive¬ 
ness. At the same time, much depends for sucoess, 
upon a proper situation and preparation of soil, manner 
of cultivation, time of planting, lifting and good storage. 
Good upland soil, deep thorough plowing, early 
planting—with well cultivated approved seedling varie¬ 
ties, in shallow drills, early weeding, light hilling, ear¬ 
ly lifting, and dry airy storage, does more for the re¬ 
demption of the potato from disease, than all the nos¬ 
trums the world can devise. 
Potato seed, though it produces generally several 
different varieties in its seedlings, will not be likely to 
produce varieties or qualities, with which it has no con¬ 
nexion. If new and choice varieties be expected from 
sowing the seed, care should be taken to obtain seed 
from good varieties, or in the immediate neighborhood 
of the same. 
Seed from the balls, will transmit from a diseased 
stock, in some degree, that disease to its seedlings—to 
some varieties more than others. 
Some have gathered balls from any where, without 
regard to the character of the stock, planted the seed, 
and finding in the seedlings disease and inferior speci¬ 
mens, abandoned at once the experiment, and in their 
judgment, seedling potatoes are no better than old ones. 
The same laws that govern the apple, peach and 
strawberry, in their culture for new and choice varie¬ 
ties, govern also, the potato. If a a new choice seed¬ 
ling apple, pear, or strawberry be desirable, why not a 
new and excellent potato? But neither is to be obtain¬ 
ed without the use of their seed, and may be, not with¬ 
out a series of experiments, with careful selections. 
Potato seed, from properly selected, well cultivated 
seedlings, combining through the seed the best varieties 
at home and from abroad, is among the most valuable 
seeds to be found in market. 
Potato seed may be sown like the tomato, early in 
t bed for an early crop; or like cabbage, in a rich 
with no other 
Early sowing the seed and early lifting, gives the po- 
,to a tendency to early ripening. Lifting the potato 
ffore it has perfected its growth, it is found dryer in 
Medium sized potatoes cook better, of finer quality 
id flavor, will plant more ground by the bushel, and 
•e more exempt from disease. 
Nipping off the weeds, just below their roots, soon 
> their appearance, is a better remedy for the potato 
sease than nipping the vines. 
My crop of the last season, combining all my best va- 
eties through the seed from home and abroad, is good 
—Exempt from the prevalent disease, productive, and 
aping, from the seeds obtained not long since from 
different parts of the world, viz. Prussia, England, 
South America, Mackinaw, and other places, varieties 
promising a valuable acquisition to the potato market 
The crop of about 3400 bushels, shows distinctly in its 
healthy and strong foliage, loaded with balls, its strong¬ 
ly marked and distinct varieties, and the increase of new 
varieties of fine appearance, the benefits of the pro¬ 
gressive alternate culture. N. S. Smith. Buffalo t 
Jan. 4, 1849. 
