1849. 
THE CULTIVATOR, 
83 
the subsoil, rather increases its compactness. An im¬ 
plement is wanted that will loosen the soil to such a 
depth as to keep it free and open, and at the same time 
effectually clean it from weeds and grass. Fig. 31 re¬ 
presents Finlayson’s u Drill harrow, or horse-hoe,” for 
working between the rows of crops. It can be regula¬ 
ted to any width or depth required, so as to suit the 
breadth of the rows. It is made of wrought or malle¬ 
able iron, and the teeth should be laid with steel at the 
lower end. 
We are not aware that such an implement as is here 
described is made in this country* hut we hope some 
of our mechanics may be induced to commence the ma¬ 
nufacture of this or a similar kind. 
32—■’NORWEGIAN HARROW AND CLOD CRUSHER. 
Norwegian Harrow and Clod Crusher. —Ano¬ 
ther implement, calculated for cleaning the land, has 
lately been brought into use in England, called the Nor¬ 
wegian Harrow. Since it was first introduced, its con¬ 
struction has been somewhat modified and improved, 
and it is thought it will prove of great utility. It is 
thus described: 
u The acting part of this implement consists of a 
frame containing four horizontal spindles, on each of 
which is fixed a set of cast-iron bosses, with teeth pro¬ 
jecting from them like the rowels of a spur. These 
teeth revolve with the spindles, those on one spindle 
interworking with the others, so that they severally 
clear and clean each other. The effect produced is a 
remarkable bruising, crumbling or disintegration of the 
soil, without any clogging of the spikes, or possible de¬ 
rangement of the working parts. The weight suffices 
to cause the spikes to penetrate to the required depth, 
which is also governed by an adjustment of the wheels 
applied for travelling the implement, and for taking it 
out of work when turning; but it acted quite as well 
when divested of the wheels and of other parapherna¬ 
lia, which tended rather to embarrass than to assist its 
good action. Neither stones nor sods appear in any 
way to obstruct the ivay of this eminently simple ma¬ 
chine, the stones being pushed aside and the sods torn 
to pieces. The force was thought to he less than that 
required to work a common set of harrows going equal 
depth, and the effect in pulverization much greater. It 
was tried on two different, kinds of soil immediately af¬ 
ter plowing, with similarly good results.” 
At the meeting of the Royal Agricultural Society in 
1847, this implement was subjected to the examination 
of a committee, who spoke favorably of its operation. 
They observe that “ it is capable of thoroughly break¬ 
ing up the furrow slices from three to six inches deep, 
as the farmer may require, leaving the soil in a beau¬ 
tifully pulverized condition.” It worked the breadth of 
five feet at a time. Its effect on the soil is different 
from that of the clod-crushing roller, as the latter 
leaves it firm and comparatively compact, while the 
Norwegian harrow leaves it perfectly light and loose. 
Look well to cows ami ewes which are about to firing 
-forth young. It will be proper to give them a little 
meal, and oil-cake, for 2 or 3 weeks before parturition. 
®l)e Iponltrg Uctrir. 
Varieties of the Domestic Fowl. 
Crested Fowls. —Of,the different kinds of domes¬ 
tic fowl, those having a crown of feathers, proceeding 
from a fleshy protuberance on the back of the head, 
may he regarded as among the most ornamental,and can¬ 
not fail to attract the attention of the fancier. Their 
origin is unknown, hut they have existed a great length 
of time, and were described by Aldrovandus, several 
hundred years ago. This tribe embraces several va¬ 
rieties, which are found in various countries of Europe, 
and have been brought to America. Several of these 
S3 —SPANGLED POLAND FOWL. 
varieties arc held in great esteem by poultry fanciers, 
and are cultivated with great care on account of the 
peculiarities possessed by each. In size, the tribe ge¬ 
nerally, is about a medium. They are good layers, sel¬ 
dom wanting to sit, on which account it is best to have 
their eggs hatched by some other breed, whose natural 
constitution better adapts them to raising chickens. 
They are occasionally met with, having five toes to 
each foot, like the Dorkings, and as is sometimes the case 
with the Bantams- The principal varieties of crested 
fowls are the following: 
1. The Black Poland.-— The cock and hen are both 
of a glossy black, the head ornamented with a crest or 
top-knot of white feathers. This variety has been con¬ 
siderably disseminated in this country. 
2. The White Poland. —A beautiful fowl, when well 
bred, entirely white, with a large top-knot of the same 
eolor as the body. A suh-varietj 7 " of this stock was 
formerly in existence, which were pure white on the 
body, with black top-knots. It was described by Al¬ 
drovandus, but is supposed to be now extinct. 
3. The Spangled Poland. —This breed, (fig. 33) is 
described by Martin as follows :—“ The spangled Po¬ 
lish is a very beautiful and valuable bird, and by no 
means of every day occurrence. The plumage gene¬ 
rally is of a clear orange, with shades of brown and 
green, every feather being tipped with white, so as to 
produce a spangled appearance. The hackles are 
green and orange-brown; the thighs black, more oi 
less spangled with golden yellow. The hen is of a gol¬ 
den yellow, shaded with brown, and spangled with 
white. This breed is valuable, not only for its beauty, 
hut for the excellence of its flesh. The hens are good 
layers, and make attentive nurses.” 
4. The Spangled Hamburgh.- —This is the name giv¬ 
en by Martin to a variety which has been known in this 
