180 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
June, 
the milk. The bones from this cause become weakened, 
and are unable to support the body. This effect is 
sometimes called the u bone disease.” Prof. John¬ 
ston, several years since, suggested that bone meal 
fed to cows, would be found useful in such cases. A 
late number of the Massachusetts Plowman states that 
a number of farmers have tried this, and report that 
they have found it an effectual remedy. 
Land which has been long pastured by milch cows, 
has been found to become so much exhausted of phos¬ 
phate of lime—the earthy matter of bones—that the 
milk was deficient in this principle, and the cows be¬ 
came weak in their frames, and unhealthy. On manu¬ 
ring the land with bones and with phosphate of lime, 
the composition of the herbage again became perfect, 
and the cows w T ere strong, and gave good and nourish¬ 
ing milk. 
®he gortkttitural Skparttnrat 
CONDUCTED BY J. 3 . THOMAS-. 
The American Fruit CuJtmist* 
This new work, having been delayed beyond the 
time announced for its appearance, it seems necessary 
to state, that the late severe illness of the author when it 
was nearly completed having arrested its progress thro* 
the press, it is now concluded, in order to make it as 
correct and complete as possible, to defer its publica¬ 
tion till near the commencement of another fruit sea¬ 
son, or on the first of August. 
Fruits in Ohio and adverse Soils* 
The Third Annual Report of the Ohio Board of Ag¬ 
riculture, an octavo pamphlet of 220 pages, for which 
we are indebted to the kindness of M. B. Bateham, 
mostly occupied with valuable agricultural matter, con¬ 
tains some very interesting reports on the cultivation 
of fruit in Ohio. 
The unusually diversified soil of the state, so far as 
it affects the success of different varieties of fruit in 
different localities, is thus spoken of by C. Springer, of 
Muskingum county;—■ 
u The geological arrangements of the state, espe¬ 
cially from the eastern to the middle and southern bor¬ 
ders, are such as to have a great influence upon this 
subject. The various strata lie dipping in a direction 
a little south of east, and of course are perpetually 
cropping out, bringing to the surface new formations 
and combinations of clay and minerals, all of which ac¬ 
cording to their character, very seriously affect the wel¬ 
fare of fruits. And hence it is, no doubt, that the same 
kinds of fruits which will prosper well in one place, fail to 
do so directly west or east in similar apparent situations. 
Indeed, the whole system of special manuring proceeds 
upon the supposition that certain principles, or qualities 
of soil, are essential to the success of fruits, varying 
according to the nature of the kinds.” 
11 If you -were to take your stand upon one of the ele¬ 
vated hills, of Muskingum county, for instance, you 
could at one glance, look down upon earths, that would 
have a greater influence on the apple, peach, or cherry, 
for good or for ill, than would the whole range of cli¬ 
mate, from the shores of Lake Erie, to the foot of the 
Allegany mountains. The heart cherry upon these 
low, white-oak clay lands, winter-kills almost without 
exception. Upon the high, blaek-oak ridges, where 
there is a greater mixture of sand w T ith the soil, they 
prosper and bear abundantly. The peach and the 
quince, on this clay land, are very prone to winter-kill 
and bear little; on the high grounds above, they do 
well.” “ The heart cherries seem to want a sandy 
soil, and if they can be accommodated with this,, it is 
no difference whether they be situated high or low. 
: The limestone clay, however, is not so fatal to them a» 
; the white-oak. On lands where you find the chestnut, 
! blaek-oak, or poplar timber predomiate among the for¬ 
est trees, this cherry will be very likely to prosper.” 
Most varieties of the apple, it is stated, thrive finely 
on those lands so unfitted for the sherry- the following 
; fact, however, shows the different nature of varieties of 
the same species, and the different soil they need:.— 
u The Roxbwry Russet on the clay fiats- does no good 
—the tree is unhealthy, bears poorly, and the fruit is 
knotty and defective - T on the elevated sandy ridges, the 
: tree prospers and bears heavy crops ©f perfect fruit. 
The Newtown pippin is unsuited to the sandy ridge j 
the fruit is frequently small, scabby and crackedbut 
i ©» the clay flats, where the Russet fails, it produces 
abundant crops of the finest fruits.” 
The same paper states that the Rarnbo, and the 
■ Westfield Seeknofurther, have been found to be well 
adapted to all soils in Ohio, and prove excellent fruits. 
The writer, in his prejudice against the America® 
Congress of Fruit Growers,—the most intelligent body 
' of the kind, ever assembled in the United States,—has 
fallen into the mistake of asserting that its fruit com¬ 
mittee all resided east of the Delaware river. 
Dr. S. P. Hildreth of Marietta, in the same volume, 
says :— (C Roxbury or Putnam Russet—-our main apple 
for winter, and for sale on the Mississippi river—some 
of our river farms produced from 2000 to 1500 barrels, 
besides other varieties—it keeps till April.” This is- 
about as far south as Baltimore. Dr. Hildreth mentions 
the Tallin an Sweeting, u as a valuable large green 
winter apple.” The genuine Tall man Sweeting in the 
State of New-York, is quite light yellow, frequently 
while yet hanging on the tree. Me thus speaks of th® 
Rhode Island Greening, the unfitness of which for Ohio, 
has been so largely discussed :— 11 It is a fine apple for 
cooking or eating- the fruit of old trees ripens too ear¬ 
ly, but young ones do better - r the 1 bitter r&t, T so eom- 
msn to this and many other old kinds, in old orchards, 
is caused by the exhaustion of the potash and lime in 
the soil, and may be remedied by renovating the soil as 
the roots.” 
Heating Green-houses, &e* 
This subject, which is attracting so much attention 
in England , is not less important in our variable climate. 
Theoretically considered, there can be no doubt of the 
great superiority of “ heated air ” for this purpose, com¬ 
bining as it does, the essentials of warmth and ventilation. 
Practically, every attempt to introduce this, seems, 
so far as we are informed, to have proved a failure is 
this country; although, abroad, the u Polmaise ” me 
thod, by which a due proportion of moisture is secured, 
appears to find favor. 
To ensure success in this mode of warming, two things 
appear essential. The first is, that a current of air is 
established through the room to be warmed. Unless 
this is done, inequality of temperature, and stagnant 
vapor, will soon destroy the plants. The current can ea¬ 
sily be secured bv a large pipe, connecting the bottom of 
the air chamber, with an aperture in the floor at the oppo¬ 
site end of the room. The second requisite is, that 
the air shall be supplied with its due proportion of 
moisture. This may be done in part, by constructing a 
small air chamber, and by providing for th© admission 
into the air chamber, and into the room to be warmed, 
a very large volume of air. The temperature will there¬ 
fore be low, and its capacity for moisture be little in¬ 
creased. If a greater degree of dampness should be 
desired, it will be furnished by drippings from a tank, 
placed over the warm air pipe. 
It is much to be hoped that some ingenious mechanic 
