1849 . 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
245 
of touch; in fact, we break the cord and bring away 
the ovarium. 
* We then introduce again the hand in the abdominal 
cavity, and we proceed in the same manner to extract 
the other ovaria. 
‘ This operation terminated, we, by the assistance of 
a needle, place a suture of three or four double threads 
waxed, at an equal distance, and at two centimetres, 
or a little less from the lips of the wound, passing it 
through the divided tissues, we move from the left hand 
with the piece of thread; having reached that point, 
we fasten with a double knot, we place the seam in 
the intervals of the thread from the right, and as we 
approach the lips of the wound, we fasten by a simple 
knot, with a bow, being careful not to close too tightly 
the lower part of the seam, so that the suppuration 
which may be established in the wound, may be able to 
escape. 
‘ The operation effected, we cover up the wound with 
a pledget of lint, kept in its place by three or four 
threads passed through the stitches, and all is com¬ 
pleted, and the cow is then led back to the stable. 
‘ It happens, sometimes, that in cutting the muscles, 
of which we have before spoken, we cut one or two of 
the arteries, which bleed so much that there is neces¬ 
sity for a ligature before opening the peritoneal sac, 
because, if this precaution be omitted, blood will escape 
into the abdomen, and may occasion the most serious 
©onsequences.’ 
She fiorttcultttral JDepartment 
CONDUCTED BY J. J. THOMAS. 
The New-York and Buffalo Fruit Conventions. 
From the various articles which have appeared in 
The Horticulturist , and other periodicals, it appears 
quite evident there is.a very erroneous opinion abroad, 
as to the friendly attitude of these two conventions. 
From considerable knowledge of both, we believe the 
assertion may be safely made, that not five persons, 
having any connexion with either, desire any rivalry, 
or wish to assume any hostile attitude towards the 
other. 
Both conventions had been proposed some months before 
their actual session, and both were very interesting and 
important bodies The writer, who took a much more ac¬ 
tive part in that at Buffalo, will not from this fact, be 
accused of partiality when he states that the New-York 
Convention embraced by far the larger number of emi¬ 
nent pomologists, and for this alone, must by common 
consent, be regarded as the leading pomological organ¬ 
ization in America. It is but justice to those who took 
an active part in the convention at Buffalo, to state 
that nearly if not quite all of them so regard the New- 
York organization. And with this general feeling per¬ 
vading all parties, we cannot but believe that the ap¬ 
proaching convention at Syracuse, will adopt such a 
course as cannot be construed into an assumption of 
any hostile bearing. 
A single explanation as to the propriety of two dis¬ 
tinct conventions—for the east and west, as demanded 
by the differences of soil, climate and locality. The 
following facts would indicate that this difference is 
overrated. Of the twenty-seven varieties of the apple, 
recommended as first-rate by the Ohio Fruit Conven¬ 
tion, held last year at Columbus, all except four are 
cultivated in the Eastern States, where even one or two 
of these four originated. As for the Buffalo Conven¬ 
tion (held at the extreme western point of the State,) 
being peculiarly adapted for the west, it may be stated 
that the best and most extensive collection of pears, by 
far, exhibited at that convention, was from Robert 
Manning, of Salem, Massachusetts; the most extensive 
collection of plums, by far, was from Charles Hamil¬ 
ton, of Orange Co., N. Y.; and the largest collection 
of apples was from Charles Downing, of Newburgh, 
N. Y. We think it will hardly do, yet, for either sec¬ 
tion to cut loose from the other. 
Inquiries. 
Sweet Apples. —Will you inform me of the best va¬ 
rieties of sweet apples , to ripen in succession to culti¬ 
vate for stock feeding ? A. Williams, Gaylesburg , III. 
For Summer, —Bough and Golden Sweeting. 
For Autumn, —Jersey-Sweet, Summer Sweet Para¬ 
dise, Haskell Sweet. 
For Winter, —Danvers Sweet, Tallman Sw r eetiag, 
Sweet Russet of Western N. Y. 
Long-Keepers, —Hartford Sweeting, Green Sweet¬ 
ing. The Ladies r Sweeting is a fine and beautiful ap¬ 
ple, a most abundant bearer, and a long keeper, but 
the growth of the tree is too slow to adapt it for stock 
feeding. 
Pear Orchards,—I have just finished planting a 
pear orchard of over one thousand trees, mostly large 
seedlings, which I intend to graft in the top; please let 
me know your opinion about this method—will the trees 
be as hardy as when grafted at the ground?—I propose 
putting three to six grafts into each tree, or enough to 
fill the principal limbs. H. Avery, Burlington, Iowa. 
Seedling pear trees usually furnish hardier trees than 
a large portion of the grafted varieties, and hardier 
trees wonld probably in most cases be obtained by graft¬ 
ing the seedlings at standard height, as proposed; If 
the stocks are already of considerable size, the grafts 
would make a more rapid growth, and sooner come in¬ 
to bearing. But on the other hand, this rapid growth 
would render them more liable to destruction by the 
cold of winter, or to death by frost-blight, which should 
be guarded against by avoiding summer pruning, or 
any other cause tending to= produce a late growth of 
wood, and by placing them in a deep, moderately dry 
soil, which shall furnish a uniform supply of moisture 
through the summer, and favor the thorough ripening 
of the young wood before winter. 
Market Apples. —What are the best five varieties 
of apples for an extensive orchard for shipping? Is the 
Tewksbury Blush one of them? A Western Fruit 
Raiser. 
Apples for distant market should not only be such as 
would keep well, but should be of the fines' - quality, so 
as to bring the highest price, and thus avoid as much 
as possible the contingency of the expenses of trans¬ 
portation consuming the profits. Hence the Baldwin 
and Rhode Island Greening, though so well adapted to 
New England and New-York, may not do well for the 
west where their quality more or less deteriorates. Th© 
Tewksbury Blush, although an admirable keeper, and 
very productive, is small, and not quite first-rate in 
quality. It has been found very profitable in the neigh¬ 
borhood of Philadelphia. Perhaps the following may 
succeed best for the w r estern states:—Red Canada, or 
Old Nonesuch, Roxbury Russet, Newtown Pippin, (ore 
strong lime soils,) Northern Spy and Jonathan. 
Sending Buds by mail. —How long will buds keep 
fresh and good, packed in the best manner ? A Wil¬ 
liams, Galesburg, III. 
The period varies with circumstances, and with the 
kinds. Well-ripened shoots, of compact or horny 
growth, as the Gravenstein apple* and Summer Bon- 
chretien pear, if kept moderately moist, will remain in 
good condition often two or three weeks or even much 
longer. But early-cut buds, of the peach, cherry, and 
other spongy kinds, may not keep half that time. As 
