272 
THE CULTIVATOR 
Sept. 
southern side, is entirely surrounded. The barn-yard, 
for convenience, is divided into four parts; in the centre 
is a trough, which waters the farm-yards, and which is 
supplied from a never-failing spring, situated at a dis¬ 
tance from the barn. The spring also furnishes an 
abundance of water for the house and garden. The 
situation of the respective buildings will be best under¬ 
stood by the annexed ground plan: 
No. 1, is the grain-barn, 72 by 30 feet, with doors at 
each end, for driving in, but which can be filled with 
grain, when necessary, from the outside: a space of 16 
feet is occupied as a granary, having bins on one side 
for the reception of different kinds of grain. The 
threshing machine and straw cutter stand on the floor 
above the granary, connected with the fannning-mill 
beneath, and both put in motion by the horse power, 
which occupies the ground floor of No. 2. The south¬ 
ern end of the barn is built on stone pillars, and is suffi¬ 
ciently high from the ground to afford an excellent shel¬ 
ter for a flock of sheep. No. 2. Building for the horse 
power; the upper part,which is open to the main barn, 
being used for grain. No. 3. A small grain-barn 30 
feet by 20 feet. No. 4. A shed, the upper part of 
which is used for hay, and the lower part affording 
shelter to the cattle; opening to the barn-yard on the 
south. No. 5. Another shed; the upper part for hay, 
the lower part being subdivided into three parts, the 
central division opening on the barn-yard, and the oth¬ 
ers facing the lane, in which the farm wagons, sleighs, 
plows and other farm implements are housed. These 
divisions are of sufficient height to allow of the suspen¬ 
sion of a hay-rigging above each wagon, and which 
can be lowered with facility when required for use. 
No. 6. Large double doors, connecting with the sheds 
and horse stable. No. 7. Horse stable, 50 feet by 30 
feet, having stalls for ten horses, the space between the 
two rows of stalls being occupied as a feeding room, 
in which the hay and straw cutter stands. The upper 
part of the building is used for hay. The horse-stable 
is connected by a door with No, 8. The cow.stables, 
with stalls for eight cows, each stall having a hay-rack, 
and a trough made of brick, for feeding roots, bran, 
&c. At one end of this same building is a room 12 ft. 
by 20 feet, which is used as a tool room, in which all 
the tools are placed at night. Under this room is a 
warm though well-ventilated cellar for roots. All the 
upper part of this building is used for hay. No. 9. 
Hog-pen, with yards attached, the upper floor being 
used as a hen-house: No. 10. Corn crib: No. 11. 
Carriage house: No. 12. Ash house: No. 13. Ice 
house: No. 14. Dwelling house. The wood house, 
wash room, and the sleeping apartments for the men, 
being situated in a building which extends back in the 
rear of the wing: a. Sheep yard; b. Yard for young 
cattle; c. Sheep yard; d. Cow yard; e. Sheep yard. 
The fences on this farm are of three kinds: Post and 
board, post and rail, and the common worm fence. 
The post and board fence, of which there is 505 rods, 
is built of oak posts and pine and hemlock boards, four 
and a-half feet high, with a top board and a batten to 
each post, at an expense of one dollar per rod. Of post 
and rail fence, there is 276 rods. The posts and rails 
are both taken from the farm, and at a fair valuation 
for timber, the expense per panel is about 50 cents. 
The worm fence is made either in the ordinary manner, 
or with upright stakes joined at the top with wire. Of 
this kind of fence there is about 1300 rods. The rails 
cost from ten to fifteen dollars per thousand. 
All the farming operations are conducted with accu¬ 
racy. All the crops are measured and the results care¬ 
fully recorded. A journal is kept of each day’s work, 
in which the labor performed by every man is written; 
and in a book kept for the purpose, is noted the number 
of days’ work bestowed on each field, with the expense 
of labor, the product from the crop, and the profit from 
the same. 
My books are kept in such a manner, that the expen¬ 
ses of the farm, and the income from it, can be seen at 
a glance, and an accurate balance of debt and credit 
can be made at any time. This system 1 consider'not 
only necessary to an economical management of the 
farm, but highly satisfactory to the farmer, and will, in 
my opinion, amply repay him for the time and labor it 
requires. 
The following statement of the expenses and profits 
of the wheat crop of this year, will serve as an illus¬ 
tration of the manner in which this branch of my ac¬ 
counts is kept. 
Preparing of ground.—Men 77f days, horses, (.team) 77| 
days,.. $81-12 
219 bushels- seed wheat, at 9s-.,.... 123 7,5 
Harvesting. —Men, 92 days,....$62 87 
Team', 12 days,...I... 9 00 
—--- 71.87 
Threshing and cleaning. —Men 62 days,. 31 07 
Team 19 days,... 2423 
--45 32 
Machine for threshing-, .. 36 4$ 
Board of men, 251£ days, at 25 cents, . 62 87 
Interest on value of land, 55 acres, at $75 per acre-, 
equal to 864.125 at 7 per cent, is.' 288 .75 
Cost of cultivation, including interest,....$710 08 
2,420 bushels cost $710.0 Q T efua to 50c. per bushel. 
“ “ sold at $1-10}... $1,572 65 
Less, cost, as above, ..... 710 08 
Nett profit,......$862 51 
N. B. The cost of cultivation, exclusive of interest 
upvalue of land, is equal to 29| cents per bushel. 
Similar statements could: be given, of every crop* 
raised, but the above will suffice. 
I have thus answered to the best of my ability,. &1E 
the questions proposed. 
Farm Account —1848. 
Dk.-—T o labor account,. $628 43 
House expenses,.. 313 25 
Farm expenses,... 973 20 
Amount paid- for taxes-,.. .. 32 07 
Amount paid for insurance,........ 75 00 
Profit and loss account, .. 2,037 35 
--$3,059 m 
Cr.—By 1-420 bushels wheat, at $2.l0|c.,... $1,572 65 
410 bushels barley at 68 c., ....... 278 80 
321 bushels corn, at 50 c.,. 160 50 
768 bushels oats, at 25 c.,. 292 00 
8£ bushels clover seed, at $4...... 34 00 
6 bushels timothy seed, at $2,. 12 GO- 
62 tons hay, at $5,. 310 00 
15 tons corn stalks, at $3,. 45 00 
24 bushels potatoes, at 25 c.,....... 6 00 
75 bushels carrots, at 12f c. r ...... 9 37 1 
30 bushels apples, at 63 c.,. 18 90 
11 hogs, average 230 lbs., at $4, .. 101 20 
558 lbs. butter, at 12f c .. 69 75 
499j lbs. of wool, at 26 e.,. 229 87 
Eggs, . 15 00 
Pelts sold,... 8 2i 
Fire wood, .. 20 00 
20 sheep sold,.. 23 00 
6 pigs sold,. 3 00 
Increase of stock. 
4 pigs, at 50 c.,. 2 00 
50 00 
-$3,059 3® ; 
In the account of house and farm expenses are em¬ 
braced the amount of farm produce consumed, and the 
actual cash expenditure. H. T. E. Foster. 
Plowing by Steam— Some of the more recent ex¬ 
periments in England, in plowing by steam, have prov¬ 
ed more successful than formerly, in consequence of 
using stationary engines at the extremities of the field. 
The engines are moved by a pair of horses. This mode 
would be well adapted for drained bogs, where the soil 
is often so soft, that teams cannot easily travel over is. 
