276 
Sept, 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
blood by the skin and lungs, are all causes which have 
a tendency to induce congestion. 
It is an error to suppose that the fat animal alone 
can die of plethora; for there is equal if not greater 
danger with regard to all cattle which make blood 
rapidly, if the food is nutritious or too rapidly changed 
when they are in common store condition, than when 
they are oppressed with fatness. This disease seldom 
appears in house-fed” or lean stock,- but those feeding 
or growing most rapidly are its first victims. 
In this disease, congestion maybe general or partial; 
if general, it will be principally confined to the brain, 
the lungs, or the bowels. The animal in such cases all 
at once ceases to eat ; pauses j appears as if stunned; 
poises itself upon its tottering legs; the flanks heave 
rapidly; the eyes are no longer sensible to light; the 
nose is protruded; it foams at the mouth ; frequently 
totters, stumbles and falls; lastly, a gurgling noise is 
heard in its throat, and it dies in dreadful convulsions. 
But when congestion is partial, the disease is less rapid 
in its course; the animal is dull, depressed, ceases to 
ruminate; limps first with one leg, then with another; 
large tumors appear in various parts of the body, which 
rapidly extend by infiltration over the body; the consti¬ 
tuents of the blood separate, and decomposition soon 
begins in the affected tissues. In some cases the ani¬ 
mal dies in less than an hour; others survive several 
hours, and in a few cases, two or three days pass be¬ 
fore the disease arrives at a crisis. In most of these 
latter cases, the animal recovers. 
The treatment of these diseases, in order to be suc¬ 
cessful, must be conducted with strict reference not 
only to the stage, but the complications of each ease 
must receive our best attentions. The 'propriety of 
having recourse to blood-letting, will be best iudicated 
by the character and number of the pulse. If its tone 
is weak, accompanied with great depression and rapid 
loss of strength, the ears and legs being cold, bleeding 
will not only be useless, but highly destructive; the 
animal is in a state of collapse, and the most active 
stimulants, as the carbonate of ammonia, spirits of 
nitric or sulphuric ether, spirits of turpentine, ginger, 
&c., with warm clothing and frictions to the cold parts 
of the body. 
Bleeding should only be adopted either as a preven¬ 
tive, or at the very commencement of general conges¬ 
tion. It may then be followed by full doses of epsom 
salts with ginger. I would advise all breeders, on 
their losing one animal by this malady, to carefully 
examine their stock, and on observing any symptom of 
indisposition , to lose no time, but meet it by bleeding, 
physic, and short feed. Arth. S. Copeman. Utica , 
N. Y. July, 1849._ 
Docking Lambs. 
Eds. Cultivator —Under the head of the Veterinary 
Department, the June number of The Cultivator, I find 
an article by O. F. M., of Wheeler, Steuben county. 
He gives his method of docking lambs. He says he 
takes the tail in his left hand, and holds it out straight, 
and, with a good shoe knife, cuts it off ‘‘ as close as 
suits fancy.” He says he finds this method quicker 
and better than a chisel and block. From my own 
experience, I think this is the very worst plan that 
could be adopted. It not only takes much longer to 
heal, but must be much more painful. Any person who 
has had any experience in this matter, knows that by 
pulling the tail hard enough to hold it out straight, and 
cutting it off with a knife in the manner he describes, 
will stretch the skin on the tail so much that when it 
is cut off, it will draw back and leave part of the bone 
bare; which will make a bad sore, exposed in such 
a manner that it will cause the little innocent much 
unnecessary suffering. Whereas by placing the tail on 
a block and drawing the skin close up on the tail, and 
with a mallet and chisel it is struck off at a blow. 
Then the skin shoves over the end of the bone, which 
not only protects the bone but is much sooner healed. 
A Friend of Humanity. Sullivan Co., A. Y.. June 
18th, 1849. 
She @ortimltm*al Ukpartmmt 
CONDUCTED BY J. J. THOMAS. 
Trees in Cities. 
In closely built towns and cities, nothing is more re¬ 
pulsive to the eye, than long ranges of bare blocks oc¬ 
cupied as dwellings, standing directly on the street, 
with none of the glare of reflection softened by the fo¬ 
liage of trees. Many of the better streets in some of 
our cities have, however, been exceedingly improved in 
this particular, by a narrow enclosed strip a few feet 
wide, protected by iron railing in front. A still great¬ 
er improvement, but rarely adopted, is to build a row 
of dwellings at a greater distance from the boundary 
of the street, so as to leave a strip of lawn from twelve 
to thirty feet in width, to be planted with trees, and 
kept in the best manner. The accompanying figure re¬ 
presents a row of six houses thus situated. By this ar¬ 
rangement, all of them enjoy separately to a considera¬ 
69 —TREES IN CITIES. 
ble degree, the view of the whole piece of ground; and 
whatever diminution in the space of the rear may be¬ 
come necessary, would thus be more than compensated 
by the improvement of the front. As a matter of pe¬ 
cuniary profit, the yearly value of such dwellings would 
doubtless be much greater in consequence of the slight 
increased expense of preparing and planting the 
grounds. 
Raspberries. 
The Red Antwerp, and its kindred varieties, the 
Franconia and Fastolff, do not always succeed on light 
soils. Indeed it often happens, when the season is very 
dry, that they do not attain one-third their full size, and 
inexperienced cultivators are much disappointed, after 
having heard high recommendations of these celebrated 
sorts. The difficulty with light soils may be removed 
in a large degree by deepening the soil, and by a copi¬ 
ous application of manure. Such soils should be dug 
not less than two feet deep, and even a greater depth 
would be better. Treated in this way, a strong loamy 
soil will give uniformly fine crops. But where the soil 
is a quite dry gravel, it maybe difficult even, by trench¬ 
ing, to adapt it to the successful growth of the Red 
Antwerp. The substitution of the American Black 
Raspberry will be found in such instances a decided ad¬ 
vantage. During the late severely dry weather, the 
latter variety on dry gravel, was observed to be very 
siightly affected, while some other sorts were rendered 
wholly unproductive. Although not of large size, the 
Black Raspberry possesses an unusually high flavor, 
and a decided improvement is made by enriching culti¬ 
vation. 
Spurious sorts are sometimes introduced in mixture 
with those which are genuine, by the dropping of the 
seed, and the production of new varieties on the same 
ground—which is to be prevented by picking the fruit 
