334 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
Nov. 
and lime, &c., from the tannery. The store hogs have 
access to this yard, and by this means it is all worked 
into good manure. This yard is under cover. I usual¬ 
ly manufacture about 400 loads annually, and apply it 
all, and for the last 5 years I have purchased about 200 
loads annually, from the village (1 mile distant,) and 
appropriated it all to use, paying one shilling per load. 
The most part in its long or green state, applied to 
fields designed for hoed crops. What is obtained from 
the village and barn yards during the summer, is haul¬ 
ed into the fields and piled, to be applied to small grain 
as wanted after sufficiently rotted; piles covered with 
earth or leached ashes. 
I have used lime on wheat several times, and with 
good results; by spreading it from the wagon with a 
shovel after it was air slaked, at the rate of 30 bushels 
per acre. Have applied plaster in the usual way to 
clover, and derived a decided benefit; also applied it to 
corn hills after the first hoeing, about half a gill per hill. 
Some seasons it has been beneficial, but others I have 
reaped little or no gain. In one case, used salt as an 
experiment. After fitting one acre well for flax, to one 
quarter of it I applied half a barrel of salt, to another 
quarter 6 bushels slaked lime, but to the remainder no¬ 
thing, and sowed the whole to flax. There was no 
perceivable difference between the part containing the 
salt, and that of the lime, so I harvested them together, 
and the other half by itself. The final result was that 
I obtained 2^ bushels seed, and 52 pounds lint more 
from the part having the salt and lime, than from the 
other. I have also used about 150 bushels of horn sha¬ 
vings, (obtained from a comb factory) on corn, by ap¬ 
plying a single handful to each hill, previous to putting 
in the seed. According to the best estimate, the crop 
was increased from 15 to 20 bushels per acre. But as 
none of the field was exempt from the shavings, we 
could not tell the precise amount. Comparing it with 
previous crops on the farm, it exceeded any by 20 bush¬ 
els. I have also used muriate of ammonia for soaking 
seed corn, but perceived no benefit. 
Tillage Crops. — I have tilled about 35 acres this 
season. 10 acres winter -wheat, 8| acres corn, 3-§ acres 
spring wheat, 4 acres oats, 2 acres barley, 1 acre flax, 
1 acre beans, 1| acres broom corn, I acre potatoes, 2 
acres peas, \ acre turneps, % acre carrots. The ground 
on which the oats, potatoes, and part of the corn was 
raised, (amounting to 8 acres) has this fall been sown 
to winter wheat. 
I usually sow 1^ bushels winter wheat per acre, from 
10th to 20th September; if later, 2 bushels seed, al¬ 
ways soaked in strong brine, and dried by rolling in 
plaster or slaked lime. Barley, brined and limed, sown 
April 18th, 3 bushels per acre. Spring wheat sown at 
the same time, 2 bushels per acre, brined and limed as 
the above; 3 bushels oats per acre, sown April 4th; 
flax sown 17th April, 1 bushel per acre. The ground 
for these spring crops is usually plowed and dragged in 
the fall, so as to be ready for early sowing in the spring, 
and in the spring I harrow the ground again previous 
to sowing, and after sowing harrow again, and pass 
over with light roller. My crops are all harvested in 
the usual way, by cradling or reaping, and threshed by 
machine. Corn planted from 10th to 20th May, about 8 
quarts per acre, 3 feet one way, and 1| to 2 feet the 
other, and thin out to three stalks in a hill. The corn 
is usually cultivated by passing through with cultivator 
or drag, and hoed twice, but avoid hilling as much as 
possible. It is all cut up in September, husked and 
housed as soon as practicable, usually from 60 to 80 
bushels per acre; have not yet ascertained the amount 
of the present crop. From the 4 acres oats, I have 
241-| bushels; 46| bushels barley per acre. Beans 32 
bushels per acre. Winter wheat not yet all threshed, 
but judging from what has been threshed, it will go 
over 25 bushels per acre. Potatoes about 300 bushels 
per acre, with 22 bushels seed planted. Of peas, I 
usually sow 4 bu. per acre; product about 20. One small 
lot of wheat on new land, went over 40 bu. per acre. 
I prefer long manure for all hoed crops, spread on 
the surface and plowed under in the spring. For wheat 
and other small grains, I prefer using it in a slightly 
decomposed state. This manure is spread on the 
ground after plowing, and then mixed with the soil by 
harrowing. Usually 40 loads per acre for hoed crops, 
and vary the amount for small grains, according to the 
condition of the soil. 
For all hoed crops, the manure is covered as deep as 
the team can turn it under with the plow, on any of my 
soils, while for small grains it is spread upon the sur¬ 
face and mixed 3 or 4 inches deep. 
My potatoes have been slightly affected for several 
years. I know* of no remedy. The early planted ones 
usually do the best. 
Grass Lands, &c. —Principally timothy and clover. 
From 14 to 16 quarts timothy seed are sown in the fall 
with wheat, or in the spring with barley or spring 
wheat. About 8 quarts of clover seed is sown on light 
snow in March,upon winter wheat, or in April or May 
with spring wheat or barley. 
I usually cut from 35 to 40 acres of hay annually; 
this year averaged If tons per acre; some seasons not 
as much, and others more than this. My timothy is cut 
before fully ripe, or previous to the blossoms dropping. 
It is mowed down and^laid in swath during the day; 
the following morning it is shook out, and in the after¬ 
noon raked up into winrows, and is either left in the 
winrow, or cocked up until the next day, when it is 
again opened if not sufficiently dry, and in the after¬ 
noon it is housed. The clover is usually cut before the 
timothy, and as soon as the heads are in bloom. This 
hay is mown and shook out the same day; the next day 
it is raked and cocked, and allowed to remain in the 
cocks two or three days. They are then opened in the 
forenoon, and in the afternoon putin the barn. 
Draining. —A small piece of land has been reclaimed, 
which was formerly so wet and boggy as to be useless. 
The following manner was pursued: First enclosed it 
with a ditch, then from different parts of this, dug se¬ 
veral, partly across the piece. This so dried the ground 
as to enable me to draw on stone, and stone up all the 
ditches. They were stoned in the usual way, by pla¬ 
cing two rows of stone from 4 to & inches apart, and 
then covering with large flat stones, after which it was 
covered with earth. This so drained the land, that the 
next season I removed all shrubs and bushes, plowed 
and planted it to potatoes and corn; raised a middling 
crop considering the ground. The succeeding crops 
were oats, flax, barley, and seeded with timothy, half 
bushel seed per acre. These crops were all very good, 
(some took county premiums.) This season, about the 
middle of July, this piece was mowed, and after well 
hayed, was raked up; for the purpose of farming an 
estimate, per acre, one load was taken to the village 
and weighed; the result was 3| cons per acre, as near 
as could be calculated. This field was again mowed in 
October, -well hayed, and a load taken as before and 
weighed, from which an estimate was made; the result 
2| tons per acre for the second crop, making 5f tons in 
one year. I have also practiced underdraining on my 
farm, which has served two purposes: First, benefiting 
the land, making all -wet spots dry and suitable for 
plowing. Second, a portion of these drains are centered 
in a large reservoir, from which the vrater is conveyed 
in cement pipe about 60 rods to my farm buildings, and 
thence distributed by leaden pipes wherever desired, al¬ 
ways having an abundant supply of water. The 
amount of underdrain is rising 600 rods. 
Domestic Animals. —One pair working oxen, 4 
