1849. 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
373 
taken off the same land before, even without the 
trees, in the last sixteen years j and I think I might 
have taken the corn off the 35th of September, with 
perfect safety. This corn is large, heavy, and of a 
beautiful orange yellow. A. G. Moody. Smith- 
field, Isle of Wight county , Va., Oct. 21, 1849, 
It should be remembered that in a large portion 
of the northern and New-England states, corn can¬ 
not usually be planted till the 20th to the last of 
May—at least a month later than the time mentioned 
by Mr. Moody, 25th of April; and it is important 
that the crop be well out of the way of frost early 
in September. Ed. 
Extracts from Agricultural Addresses* 
Improvement of Dairy Stock.-— Mr. Eames, in an 
address before the Jefferson County Ag. Society, says— 
We deem it an easy matter to add twenty-five per 
cent, to the daries of this county, clear of all expendi¬ 
ture of time and money, by improving the quality of 
the cows. It is believed that there is no dairy in the 
country, consisting of ten cows or more, which does 
not show a difference of one-third in the yield of milk 
from the best to the poorest cow in the yard, yet the 
same amount of food is consumed by the poorest as by 
the best. Now to keep an inferior cow through the 
long winters of this Northern region with the prospect 
of only obtaining a two-thirds yield in the summer, we 
hold to be the most miserable policy in the world; it is 
a sufficient deduction in any case, from the gross income 
of the dairy, to feed and properly tend upon the best 
cow we can raise or buy. 
Influence of Agricultural Societies. —Judge 
Caeever, in his late address, makes the following ob¬ 
servations: 
Happy indeed would have been those men, since 
gone to their final rest, who, 17 years ago, met at Al¬ 
bany to lay the foundation of a State Agricultural So¬ 
ciety , could they have forseen that in so short a time 
such wide-spread and valuable results would follow 
their magnanimous and well-directed beginnings. And 
happy indeed are their associates, who have been 
spared to this day, to see, as part of the result of their 
labor, the holding of annual Fairs in a large majority 
of all fhe counties of this state, and the holding of a 
grand State Fair, which annually brings together, from 
ail parts of the State, from all parts of the United States 
and the neighboring provinces, more people, embodying 
more effective enterprise and moral worth, than has 
been or can be brought together on any other occasion 
or for any other purpose. 
These meetings are not held for mere past-time, nor 
to further the plans of political aspirants, or secure the 
ascendency of one political division over another, but 
for the substantial improvement of the condition of 
man; and this by simply exhibiting by some, and wit¬ 
nessing by others, the great end which skill and enter¬ 
prise are accomplishing, in the great science of human 
subsistence, Agriculture. 
Order and System.— Order and system are essen¬ 
tial to success in every employment, but peculiarly 
so, in the varied operations of farming. Without them, 
confusion reigns. The business of the farm is ever in 
such a condition that it demands attention, and thus it 
directs and controls, instead of being directed and con¬ 
trolled. But with them, “ all moves on in one harmo¬ 
nious whole.” Every thing is performed at its appoint¬ 
ed time and in an appropriate manner, and there is lei¬ 
sure for information and scientific pursuits. Some far¬ 
mers act under the impression that their employment is 
so profitless that they cannot afford to procure better 
farming implements and machines, and be to the ex¬ 
pense of making improvements. Let such be assured 
that so long as they are possessed with this idea, so 
long their business will become more and more profit¬ 
less.— Mr. Bank’s Address. 
Influence of Manure. —When I visited England, 
six years ago, the first thing that struck me was the 
beauty and fertility of the soil. Every farm appears a 
garden. In fact, England is a garden. Even the 
sides of railroads, up to within a few feet of the iron 
track, are made to produce wheat, barley or potatoes. 
The beautiful lines of hedges, which so gladden the 
eye of an American, enclose no uncultivated iands. 
The very hill-tops are made fertile to their summits j 
the swamps are drained, ditched and blind ditched, and 
every foot of earth that the labor and ingenuity of man 
can render cultivatable, is made to send forth its green 
stalks and golden harvests. 
It is important that the American, and especially the 
New-England farmer, should know how this is all done. 
I have dined and lived with English farmers ; I have 
associated with them j I have frequently obtained their 
friendship, and sometimes their confidence ; and, by 
hook and by crook, I have wormed this important secret 
out of them. I have obtained their philosopher’s stone j 
I have got the clue to the ever-living fertility of their 
soil ; and now, Connecticut farmers, in the fulness of 
my heart, which happens at this time to be overflowing 
with the “ milk of human kindness,” I will freely, 
without the hope of fee or rewrard, impart to you this 
grand secret. See that you improve by it. It all con¬ 
sists of one simple word— manure. — Address of P. T. 
Barnum before tke Fairfield (Ct.) Ag. Society. 
Let every farmer gather and accumulate his weeds, 
muck, swamp mud, charcoal dust, coal ashes, soap 
suds and excrements from his horses and horned cattle, 
and all the liquid manures from his yard, and properly 
protect them from rain and snow, and he has, in ona 
vast pile, a capital fund on which to base all his farm¬ 
ing operations for the year. But how different from 
all this is the practice of many farmers ! In nine eases 
out of ten, the liquids are permitted to run over the 
yard; to lose their nitrogen, which passes off in the 
form of ammonia; their salts, which are carried away 
by continual drenching and nearly every valuable pro¬ 
perty which is in any w r ay dependent upon the atmos¬ 
phere ; until, in fact, every chemical ingredient, without 
which neither plants nor seeds can exist, is lost to all 
the practical purposes of farming. Such a reckless 
policy with regard to the enriching commodities, ac¬ 
counts, to a greater extent than any other cause, for 
the meager productions of the farm.— -Address of Mr. 
Eames. __ 
What are “Native” Cattle? 
Rev. W. A. Drew in his address before the Agri¬ 
cultural Societies of Kennebec and Franklin counties, 
(Me.,) makes the following remarks: 
u With regard to stock, I suppose Maine can boast 
of the best working oxen of any State in the Union. 
When Southerners, or even people from the Middle 
States, come here, they are surprised at the magnifi¬ 
cence of our ox teams. And w r e have native cow's 
equal to any of the royal bloods of England.” 
He then goes on to speak of the valuable properties 
of several “ native ” cow's, that he has known ; though 
he gives no particulars in regard to their products, by 
which we can compare them wfith others. The mean¬ 
ing of the term “ native.” as used in this case, is, per¬ 
haps, somewffiat illustrated by the paragraph which 
follows next in connexion, in the same address, as fol¬ 
lows: 
“ Our Kennebec valley is greatly indebted to the late 
lamented Dr. Vaughan, of Hallowull, for its enviable 
race of neat cattle. In the infancy of this county t 
