1850. 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
Ill 
ing them but without success, and on account of 
•their being tap-rooted, they seldom live when trans¬ 
planted like other trees. 
I wish to ascertain the proper method of trans¬ 
planting hickories, and also the best time for cutting 
and setting the grafts. W. Waterbury , Ct. Jan. 
Horticultural Miscellanies, 
Mostly copied or condensed from the Proceedings of the North Ameri ¬ 
can Pomologiccd Convention , 1S49. 
Wide Extension or Roots.—E. Harkness, of 
central Illinois says, “I have found the roots of young 
apple trees, not more than four inches in diameter, 
which had penetrated four feet downwards into the 
the clay subsoil, and ten feet from the collar of the 
tree/’ or occupying a bed of earth four feet thick 
and twenty feet in diameter. A tree one-quarter 
the diameter, or the size usually sold at nurseries, 
must have a proportionate extension; hence, in cut¬ 
ting a circle with the spade only a foot in diameter, 
in transplanting, a large portion of the roots must 
be cut off and left in the soil. 
Manure for Fruit Trees. —Dr. Kennicott, 
speaking of the fertile lands of northern Illinois, 
says, “ For fruit trees, especially the apple and 
quince, I have found barn-yard manure, half-decayed 
chips, charcoal, and ashes, [mixed] serviceable. 
I have tried lime, but except on a small peaty spot, 
without benefit. Mr. Dunlap says he has killed ap¬ 
ple trees with ashes—-perhaps he gave them too 
much. I have found them decidedly serviceable.” 
Yard manure alone is not recommended for that re¬ 
gion, and for peaches, plums and cherries, is consi¬ 
dered positively injurious. 
Fruits for Wisconsin.—F. K. Phcenix gives 
the following as the result of his experience with 
the cultivation of fruits in Wisconsin, where the 
thermometer often sinks to 20° below zero. Plums 
—Duane’s Purple, Smith’s Orleans, Emerald Drop, 
Imperial Gage, and Long Scarlet, prove tolerably 
hardy. Hardiest Pears —Urbaniste, Flemish Beau¬ 
ty, White Doyenne, and Easter Beurre. The Bart¬ 
lett, unusually tender. Of Cherries, Mayduke, 
Arch Duke and Downer, are hardiest. The Clin¬ 
ton grape is perfectly hardy—the Isabella needs 
covering. Of Apples, Early Harvest, Keswick 
Codlin, Dutchess of Oldenburg, Drap d’Or, Fameuse, 
Autumn Strawberry, Pomme Gris, and others, are 
hardy, and maintain their eastern reputation. 
Rhode Island Greening, Roxbury Russet, Baldwin, 
Rambo, Esopus Spitzenburgh, and others, are ten¬ 
der. The application of old, w’ell-rotted manure, 
in moderate quantities, induces an early maturity in 
growth in apple trees, and enables them the better 
to withstand the cold of winter. 
Leaf Blight in the Pear and Plum.—F. R. 
Elliott says,—“ The leaf-blight has been more 
extended in the pear and plum this season, than in 
any previous one in Ohio. Application of common 
salt and wood-ashes to one tree, and wood-ashes 
alone to another plum tree, has rendered them free 
from leaf-blight, and a continued healthy appear¬ 
ance throughout the season. Application of pou- 
drette, ground bones, ashes and lime, all mingled, 
have rendered pear trees healthy and free from leaf- 
blight, while those 30 ft. distant, without such ap¬ 
plication, have been affected. 
Fruits at Plattsburgh, N. Y.—J. W. Bai¬ 
ley states that he has found the application of 
leached ashes a preventive for mildew in the goose¬ 
berry. Out of 300 peach trees in bud, many were 
killed to within a few inches of the ground, and 
only about 20 of the inserted buds survived, having 
had no protection, and the thermometer being for 
nineteen days, below zero, and at one time 20° be¬ 
low. The most profitable apples at that place are 
Early Harvest, Bough, Toole’s Indian Rareripe, 
Esopus Spitzenburgh, Rh’d Island Greening, Swaar, 
Roxbury Russet. Fameuse has proved very fine, 
till lately affected with bitter rot. Westfield Seek- 
nofurther, of second quality, and moderately profit¬ 
able. Pomme Gris, “ the richest of all winter 
apples,” but too small for profit. St. Lawrence, 
profitable as a cooking apple. Rosseau, unprofita¬ 
ble; Bourassa, uncertain; Yellow Bellflower, pro¬ 
mising well. 
Louise Bonne of Jersey. —This fine variety of 
the pear, so peculiarly adapted to the quince stock, 
is remarkable for its early productiveness. The N. 
E. Farmer states that two trees were bought in the 
autumn of 1848, by J. Washburn, of Plymouth, 
Mass, for $1.25 each. The next season he received 
a $6 premium for a select dozen of pears which 
they bore, and $3 for the pears. It is scarcely ne¬ 
cessary to say that their cultivation was by no 
means neglected. 
Grafting and Improvement. 
The address of J. R. Williams, before the Kalama¬ 
zoo Agricultural Society, Mich, contains much good 
sense. The following remarks on the ease with 
which every man may improve the quality of his 
fruit, are applicable to latitude and meridian of oth¬ 
er places besides western Michigan:— 
“ As it is with animals and vegetables, so it is 
with fruits. You can have stunted, astringent, 
crabbed fruits, or the most delicious. The precau¬ 
tion to send your neighbor’s boy to snip off a shoot 
from a fine tree, while you are stopping to decide 
the affairs of the nation with him—a few minutes 
taken to slide it under the bark, while you are wait¬ 
ing for a meal at home, will transform a useless 
shoot into a valuable tree, that shall furnish plea¬ 
sure and nutriment to generations of men. A few 
minutes improved now and then which would be 
otherwise idled away, will surround your dwelling 
with a grove, which shall prove of the greatest uti¬ 
lity, and delightful embellishment. I know men 
say they have no time, yet I have always observed 
that the men who make this excuse, have plenty of 
time to lounge at the tavern,—plenty of time to run 
after some mountebank or charlatan, plenty of time 
to litigate with a neighbor. No, man ! plant the 
tree. It will grow while you sleep. Bud it. Graft 
it. Nurse it, and it shall gladden the sight and 
please the palate of people yet unborn, and you 
shall have a memorial of your existence, springing 
from the green sod, when you shall repose beneath 
it. 
“Some five or six years ago, I found on the place 
where I reside, some scrubs of natural fruit. The 
tops of my trees my neighbors said were too large 
to graft. But they were grafted with considerable 
labor. My predecessor might have budded or graft¬ 
ed each with a single germ, and saved me nineteen- 
twentieths of the time and expense. Another set 
of men told mo the country was not natural for 
fruit. I put in the grafts and for years have had an 
abundance of delicious fruit for the table or cookery, 
for myself and my neighbors, in summer, fall, and 
winter, and I find none will eat it more greedily, 
than those who have no time to graft their own trees, 
and who curse the climate as unfit for fruit.” 
