140 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
April, 
and before the stakes are set, it is carried along on 
the wires to the centre of the line between the posts. 
After the wires are put into the saw cuts, a lever is 
inserted in the large hole, by which the strainer is 
turned around until the wires are sufficiently strain¬ 
ed. The lever is left in, and a stick one inch in di¬ 
ameter and same length of strainer is put in an up¬ 
right position between the lever and wires, which 
holds it to its place. In no case should the wires be 
made to form angles, or even small circles. As a 
preventive, billets of round wood are used, and the 
holes in the strainer rounded off. 
The wire for a fence of the above description will 
cost about 17 cents per rod, and when designed for 
cattle and horses only, the whole cost I think, will 
not exceed 35 cents per rod. I am inclined to think 
that annealed wire requires no protection to pre¬ 
vent corrosion. It is said that annealed telegraph 
wires do not corrode to the injury of their strength, 
and it is fallacy to suppose that electricity prevents 
it, when no heat is conveyed to the Mures. A re¬ 
cent newspaper relates an instance of a poultry 
yard having been surrounded 15 years with annealed 
wires, and they are yet in a good state of preserva¬ 
tion. The annealing operation is easily performed, 
viz.: as a blacksmith heats the tire for setting on 
a wagon-wheel, allowing it to cool slowly. My 
cattle fence has 5 strands—top strand five feet, and 
bottom strand 22 inches from the ground—the space 
filled with the three remaining strands at equal dis¬ 
tances. A. B. 
®I)e JFctrnur 0 Note-Book. 
Galloway Breed of Cattle. 
See Portrait — p. 145. 
This valuable breed of cattle derives its name 
from a district of country in Scotland called Gal¬ 
loway, embracing several counties. It may be 
fairly considered aboriginal, and evidently closely 
allied to the semi-wild stock of Chatelherault Park 
—the descendants of an ancient race, which in ear¬ 
ly times roamed unrestrained in the Caledonian 
forests. 
The true Galloways are without horns. Their 
color is generally black, though sometimes red 
and dun. Of all the polled breeds, they are the 
most highly prized, on account of their many excel¬ 
lencies. As observed by Professor Low—“ The 
breed of Galloway is peculiarly confirmed in its cha¬ 
racters, and thoroughly adapted to the condition of 
the country.” Various crosses have been attempt¬ 
ed with other breeds with a view of improving the 
Galloways; but the results, in the end, have not 
answered expectation, and in the language of Mr. 
Youatt,—“The intelligent Galloway breeder is now 
perfectly satisfied that his stock can only be impro¬ 
ved by adherence to the pure breed and by care in 
selection.” 
It is for their superior grazing qualities that the 
Galloways are most esteemed. They fatten very 
easily, and their beef commands a high price in the 
English markets, it being fine in the grain, and the 
fat well mixed with the muscular parts. They are 
mostly slaughtered at three years old, and the ave¬ 
rage weight of those sent to the London market, is 
put down at 770 to 840 lbs., the four quarters. The 
qualities of the breed for the dairy, are only mid¬ 
dling. The cows do not yield a large quantity of 
milk, but it is rich and affords comparatively a large 
proportion of butter, which is of the finest quality ; 
and the average annual yield per cow, where all the 
milk is devoted to butter, is 150 lbs., though larger 
returns are often obtained. 
The points of the Galloway ox, are thus given by 
Martin:—-A well-bred Galloway is of admirable 
form; all is close and compact; the barrel is round¬ 
ed and ribbed home to the hip-bones; the chest is 
deep, the shoulders thick and broad; the neck short 
and thick; the head clean; the back straight and 
broad ; the limbs short, but extremely muscular; the 
skin moderate but mellow, and w T ell covered w T ith 
long soft hair,—that on the ears, which are large, 
is peculiarly rough and long. 
We think the Galloways would prove a very use¬ 
ful breed of cattle for many sections of this country, 
particularly the mountainous and hilly portions of 
the northern and middle states. We have, on for¬ 
mer occasions, expressed the belief that the intro¬ 
duction of these cattle and the West-Highlanders, 
would be a decided acquisition; and we trust that, 
through the aid of agricultural associations and en¬ 
terprising individuals, we shall, before long, have 
the pleasure of seeing specimens of these valuable 
breeds in the country. 
Southern Ohio. 
Eds. Cultivator —It is said all things were 
made for some good end—and surely it is wise to 
consider the design and fitness of things. One part 
of our country—by soil, climate, and market, is 
suited to one product—another, though not widely 
different perhaps, for an entirely different. 
It is pretty obvious that this part of our great 
country is well adapted to the raising of stock. 
Without alluding to our extensive and fertile bottom 
lands which skirt all of our numerous streams, per¬ 
mit me to occupy a little space in considering the 
character, quality and capacity of the hills. 
Most of them are filled with mineral wealth; iron 
and coal abound, with lime and marl, as well as the 
best qualities of stone and clay;—these however, 
are treasures to be developed in other years; the 
chief and always the earliest pursuit of a civilized 
people, is agricultural. 
The soil is of every variety—the rich, tenacious 
red clay, limestone loam, and light sand may all be 
found contiguous—the latter near streams. 
The timber consists of oaks of almost every va¬ 
riety, hickory, walnut, poplar, maple, beech, locust, 
mulberry and the vine. 
Water abundant and pure—showers more reliable 
than in a level country. 
Seasons mild, yet the air bracing; with less change 
and less severity than those parts of country under 
either the influence of lakes or prairies. 
No marshes, and a very general exemption from 
the diseases incident to such districts. 
Skirted on the south by the Ohio river, by which, 
at a very small cost, we are enabled to send our 
products to a market at pleasure. 
As there are numerous streams which are naviga¬ 
ble for flat boats for from twenty to seventy miles 
interior, the facilities for cheap transportation are 
excellent—besides the canals and railroads projected 
and already completed. 
These lands are rough, but adapted to the most 
nutritious grasses; and while it is impolitic to plow 
very much, they are admirably adapted for stock of 
all kinds. Horses may be raised with profit, as we 
are nearer an eastern market than those with whom 
we come in competition. Cattle require but little 
care and thrive well; had I room, it would be easy 
to show that the dairy is eminently worthy of in¬ 
creased attention. Sheep of the larger breeds of 
