1850. 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
175 
usually unprofitable, both in a pecuniary and moral 
point of view. 
Avoid gambling by all means; it is bad in itself, 
and will lead to many other vices. 
Be temperate in the use of intoxicating drinks; 
or what is much better, not use them at all. 
Avoid loose, drinking, gambling company, whe¬ 
ther they be rich or poor; whether they drink wine 
or whiskey. Habits acquired while young are hard 
to get rid of. 
Treat every one with respect, and all decent per¬ 
sons will respect you. 
Whenever you get a little money ahead, put it 
out in safe hands, on interest; better for the present 
to receive than to pay interest. If you have health, 
you can in a few years, lay up enongh to buy good 
land, in a new country, sufficient for a farm. 
Better not enter into speculation; although some 
get rich by it, it is believed the majority fail. If a 
whole community should turn speculators, they 
would soon be in want of bread. Better to acquire 
wealth by the ordinary means of production. 
Better not buy horses and carriages, until you 
have use for them, and can make them profitable. 
The time to buy a thing, is when you really need 
it, cannot well do without it, can buy to good ad¬ 
vantage, make it profitable, and have the money to 
spare to pay for it. 
This you see, would exclude the purchase of pis¬ 
tols, bowie knives, watches, dogs, race-horses, &c. 
Young farmers in moderate circumstances, can get 
along without these things. 
I advise you to take a public newspaper. One 
from the city of New-York is best. You can get 
one for a dollar a year, (say the Evening Post or 
Tribune , as best suits your political views.) The 
postage is a mere trifle; and the money paid in this 
way will be worth to you twice the amount paid out 
for fiddling. Remember this; in our country, the 
man who does not read the papers is behind the 
times. They give a history of matters and things 
in general, as they daily transpire, and their reading 
keeps one up with the times. As you are farming, 
you had better take The Cultivator . Better to 
spend your leisure time reading than at cards. 
I am told you have taken, (in company with a 
partner,) a large farm and dairy on shares; if so, 
manage it thoroughly and with care and prudence. 
This will be both to your profit and credit. You, 
doubtless, have a written contract. Fulfil it in eve¬ 
ry respect; keep an exact and minute account be¬ 
tween the land owner and yourself. This will save 
trouble in making settlement, and will help to es¬ 
tablish your character as a correct business man ; 
while if your acoounts are loose and incorrect, you 
will have trouble in making settlement, and it will 
operate much to your disadvantage. A good char¬ 
acter as a business man, once established, is easily 
sustained, while it is hard to recover from a bad one. 
Remember that your only capital consists in your 
ability to labor, and in the improvemeut of your 
mind so as to turn your labor to good advantage; 
and that an honest, intelligent laboring man ought 
to be respected in any society, and is respected by 
all fair-minded men. 
Nature has so ordered it, that but “few men can 
be really great ” while every common-sense man 
can be honest, intelligent and industrious. I hope 
you will at least come up to this standard. 
In short, make up your mind to “do to others as 
you would wish them to do to youf and you will 
succeed. This is the essence of morality, and the 
best rule of politeness; adopt this rule, be industri¬ 
ous, go a-head, and all will be well with you. 
la ct0 anb ©jnnkms. 
(Condensed from Books and Papers.) 
Raising Potatoes Cheaply. —The Michigan 
Farmer says that A. Z. Moore raises potatoes at 
small cost, as follows:—In planting, which is done 
while the plowing is progressing, the potatoes are 
dropped into every third furrow, the fourth furrow 
covering them. When up, the whole surface is har¬ 
rowed, killing weeds and not hurting-potatoes. A 
plow throws oui the potatoes in harvesting, and a 
fork removes all omitted by the plow. 
Steaming Chopped Food. —An English farmer, 
who keeps 90 head of cattle and horses, estimates 
that he saved thirty tons of hay in one year, by 
chopping and steaming a mixture of equal parts of 
hay and straw, and saving $270 worth of hay. The 
cost of the cutting and steaming was less than $20. 
Bees in Winter. —The New-Engldnd Farmer 
recommends the shading of bee-hives in winter, to 
prevent the bees becoming warmed into activity, 
and leaving the hive to be chilled to death on the 
snow—and also states that he has found by weigh¬ 
ing that bees consume honey much faster in the dry 
part of summer, when the flowers afford no honey, 
than in winter; that hives, kept uniformly cool in 
cellars, have scarcely lessened in honey through 
winter; and that the greatest losses have occurred 
where bee-sheds have faced the south, exposed al¬ 
ternately to hot sun, cold winds, and sharp nights. 
Loss of Heat. —By experiments made some years 
ago in Philadelphia, the following proportions of 
heat were radiated or thrown out into the room: 
Sheet iron stove with 42 ft. pipe, radiated 100 parts of heat, 
do do 13 “ “ 95 “ “ 
do do 5 “ 
“ 67 « 
U 
Cast 10 plate stove, 5 “ 
“ 45 “ 
U 
Open Franklin stove, 5 “ 
“ 37 “ 
(C 
Open coal grate, 
“ 18 “ 
5C 
Common fire place, “ 
“ 10 “ 
u 
Close, and Liberal 
Feeding. —A. 
Todd 
Smithfield, R. Instates in the N. E. Farmer, that 
he had five cows pastured on a piece of land, but not 
feeling satisfied with the amount of feed they ob¬ 
tained, he sold one at the end of the year. He con¬ 
sequently found that the four yielded a greater nett 
profit than the five had done. “ Concluding in 
my mind,” says he, “that if four cows were more 
profitable than five, on the same principle three 
might be still better, (although I find no rule in 
“Adams” or “Smith” that supports this doctrine,) 
I accordingly disposed of another, and by taking a 
little extra pains with the three left, I churned more 
butter from the three than I had in any preceding 
year from the four or five.” 
Second-Growth Forests. —The same paper 
gives the experiment of John M. Weeks of Vt., who 
carefully excludes cattle from his woods, and allows 
the second growth to spring up freely where his fire 
wood has been. In a few years, the best and most 
thrifty of the young trees are trimmed up six feet, 
leaving about 800 or 1000 trees per acre. The va¬ 
lue and beauty of the eight acres thus covered with 
young growth, from one to seventeen years old, ex¬ 
hibits very strikingly the value of this trimming out. 
Two acres of this piece are young pines only six 
years old, and so vigorous and heavy is their growth, 
that he thinks there is more timber on the land than 
ever before, setting aside some of the largest pines. 
He intends to cut out soon about half of these young 
pines, leaving about 400 to the acre. 
Coarse Wool. —The Wool-Grower says that the 
present high price of coarse and medium wool, “is 
bringing in a large amount of foreign, and we should 
not be surprised if the importations this year should 
exceed at Least twenty millions.” 
