178 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
May, 
“ Duke of Northumberland (1940,) roan, calved Oct. 15, 1835, 
bred by and the property of Mr. T. Bates; got by Belvidere (1706,) 
d. Duchess 34th by Belvidere (1706,) gr. d. Duchess 29th by Second 
Hubback (1423,) gr. gr. d. Duchess 20th by the 2d Earl (1511) gr. gr 
gr. d. Duchess 8th, by Marske (418,) gr. gr. gr. gr. d. Duchess 2d by 
Ketton 1st, gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. d. Duchess 1st, bred by C. Colling by 
Comet (155,) gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. d. by Favorite (252,) gr. gr. gr. gr. 
gr. gr. gr. d. by Daisy Bull (186,) gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. d. by 
Favorite (252,) gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. d. by Hubback, (319,) 
gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. gr. d. bought by C. Colling from Stan- 
wix, by James Brown’s Red Bull, (97.)” 
Now we will count the cow bought from Stanwix 
as “ pure Duchess;” when she had a calf by Hub- 
back, the produce was half; the first produce of Fa¬ 
vorite was a quarter; the produce by Daisy bull was 
an eighth; the second produce by Favorite was a 
sixteenth; the produce by Comet was one thirty-se¬ 
cond part; the produce of Marske (418) is one six¬ 
ty-fourth part; the first produce of Belvidere, Du¬ 
chess 34th, is one one hundred and twenty-eighth 
part; and the second produce of Belvidere is one 
two hundred and fifty-sixth part. That is, the 
Duke of Northumberland had but one part Duchess 
blood, while he had two hundred and fifty-five parts 
of other blood. 
In this estimate I did not count some fractions, 
but they would have given him even less Duchess 
blood than the estimate above, had they all been 
counted. Now if Duke of Northumberland weighed 
two thousand and forty pounds, he had but eight 
pounds of “ Duchess tribe” in him. But I suppose 
this is enough to brag on. 
I heartily concur with Mr. Chapman in the hope 
that some of our enterprising breeders will import 
some of the best of Mr. Bates’ herd; but as .to the 
u pure, unalloyed Duchess tribe,” there is no such 
thing in existence. But I do not consider Mr. Bates’ 
stock any the less valuable on that account. The 
Oxford premium cow owed her excellence to the 
union of several tribes; particularly to the Princess, 
Daisy and Duchess tribes. None of the tribes have 
been, nor can they be kept “ pure and unalloyed ” 
for any length of time, without endangering their 
health, thrift and productiveness. Mr. Bates’ 
stock, if equal to their reputation, would be a great 
acquisition to the breeders of Short-horns in Ame¬ 
rica, particularly in those localities where the 
breeder was near market. But a circumstance men¬ 
tioned in his letter to the publisher of the print of 
the Duke of Northumberland, is indicative of great 
tenderness, or bad travelling, perhaps both. In that 
letter he says, Duke of Northumberland, in travel¬ 
ing twenty-six days, lost 392 pounds, or more than 
fifteen pounds a day. I suppose he was driven mo¬ 
derately, with great care. If his stock should in¬ 
herit this quality, they would be in a sad plight, 
when driven to market from Kentucky to New-York! 
However, I should like to have some of them; I 
would risk their travelling to nearer markets. 
Mr. Bates has been very particular in using the 
best blood, and in that way, has kept up the excel¬ 
lence and reputation of his stock. For this he has 
been largely indebted to the Daisy tribe, which I 
have not seen mentioned either in his or any other 
publication, and have been at a loss to account for 
the omission. His first Duchess cow, purchased in 
1804, was by Daisy Bull (186,) and all his Duchess 
tribe are descended from her. So he began with 
half Daisy blood. That the Daisy tribe were equal 
in England in 1810, in the estimation of purchasers, 
is evident in the fact that at Mr. Charles Collings’ 
great sale, a cow of that tribe (Lilly) sold for four 
hundred and ten guineas—ten guineas more than any 
cow of any other tribe. And that they still kept up 
their reputation in'1831, is proved by a certificate 
of George Coats, keeper of the English Herd-book. 
After giving the pedigree of Bertram (1716,) a bull 
of the Daisy tribe, (brought to America by Col. 
Powel, and brought to Kentucky by David Sutton,) 
he says:—“ This bull combines more perfection in 
form, handling, and dairy qualities, than any bull I 
ever saw. I consider him very much superior to old 
Comet, bred in my neighborhood, and sold by public 
auction for one thousand guineas.” 
Mr. Stevens, in the August number of The Cul¬ 
tivator, says that 3d Duke of Cambridge—“ is the 
only bull in America got by Mr. Bates’ ‘ crack prize ’ 
bull, Duke of Northumberland.” Now Locomotive 
(4242,) was not only got by Mr. Bates’ u crack 
prize ” bull Duke of Northumberland, but his dam 
was Mr. Bates’ “crack prize ” cow Oxford. Lo¬ 
comotive was brought to Kentucky by Mr. Letton. 
Whilst I am writing, I will notice an error of Mr. 
Stevens, published in the American Herd-Book, p. 
68. He says, in regard to Mr. Bates’ stock,—‘‘Up 
to the introduction of Belvidere to his herd, he had 
adhered to his Duchess blood entirely, (except in 
the case of two or three cows put to Marske,) and 
produced a disposition to sterility. * * * * since 
1831, Mr. Bates has used that blood, a union of the 
Duchess and Princess tribes, mainly, and has only 
resorted to any other in one instance, viz: Cleve¬ 
land Lad.” 
Mr. Bates has used other blood in many instances; 
a few of which I will notice. Look at 3d vol. Eng¬ 
lish Herd-Book, page 355, you will see that the 
Duke of Cleveland was calved in 1831, bred by T. 
Bates, and got by Bertram (1716,) a bull of the 
Daisy tribe. In 1833, Duchess 35th was calved (p. 
354,) by Gambier (2046;) Gambier was by Bertram 
(1716,) his dam of Mr. Charge’s stock. In 1835, 
Duchess 38th was calved, got by Norfolk (2377,) a 
bull of Mr. Whitaker’s breeding (p. 356.) In 1833, 
the Matchem cow had a cow calf by Gambier, and 
in 1834, a cow calf Oxford by Duke of Cleveland 
(1937;) both these bulls were by Bertram (1716,) 
(p. 494.) I deem it unnecessary to multiply cases, 
as these are sufficient. 
I think Mr. Stevens is also mistaken in saying— 
“ the pedigree of the Princess tribe of Short-horns, 
traces farther back than any one recorded in the 
Herd-Book;” but presume the reasoning by which 
I come to this conclusion would be uninteresting. 
Mr. Bates says in his letter to Mr. Vail, (published 
in the Agriculturist 1848, p. 125,)—“ No animals 
of the Princess tribe can now be had in England, 
worth sending to America, except what I have, des¬ 
cended from the Matchem cow, the dam of your 
Wellington; and that tribe was only preserved by 
putting the Matchem cow to bulls of my Duchess 
family.” * * * “ I have been thus particular to let 
you know how highly I prize this tribe, the only one 
left of any value from the Princess tribe of cows.” 
Thus it appears that according to Mr. Bates’ 
opinion, he had all the Duchess tribe, and all the 
Princess tribe, that was worth anything. Notwith¬ 
standing Mr. Bates’ opinion, given above, I have no 
doubt the cattle imported by Mr. Stevens, of the 
Princess tribe of Short-horns, are really fine. S. 
D. Martin. (Near) Colbyville, Ky., March, 1850. 
Time for Heifers Calving. —A late English 
writer considers it a matter of great importance, 
that heifers should be so managed as to have their 
first calf late in spring, when there is an abundance 
of succulent food, inducing a large supply of milk. 
This is much better than to have them come in early 
in spring, when they have dry food only. The habit 
at first formed is apt to remain with them, and if 
they commence by giving a good supply of milk, 
they are apt to be good milkers afterwards. 
