312 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
Sept. 
ing the necessity of economising food, they set about 
producing those animals which came to maturity 
early, and so produced vastly more food from the 
same amount of vegetation. Knowing that fat was 
an element of favor in a northern clime, they en¬ 
deavored to obtain animals with a tendency to se¬ 
crete it in large quantities. In order to this, they 
observed the qualities indicative of those propensi¬ 
ties; and knowing that it is as true in physiology 
as in mathematics, that like produces like, they se¬ 
lected and bred from these until they stamped their 
qualities permanently and invariably and indelibly 
on the race. With these they managed to combine 
symmetry of form.— M. M. M., in Far . Mag. 
EMERY’S NEW THRESHER AND CLEANER. 
The annexed cut 
represents a thresher 
with an apparatus 
attached to it for 
cleaning or win owing 
tbie grain. Itwasgot 
up by Messrs. Eme¬ 
ry and Co., of this 
city. They have test¬ 
ed its operation 
throroughly during 
and since the late 
harvest, and we learn 
that it gives entire 
satisfaction. It 
cleans the grain 
ready for market, 
without waste, as 
fast as it is threshed. 
The cost of the clean¬ 
ing apparatus is 
about $30 making 
the cost of the thresh¬ 
er and cleaner, $75. 
Remarks on Wheat Culture. 
All lands with a subsoil impervious to water, will 
heave out wheat on the breaking up of winter. It 
is caused by the surface soil being surcharged with 
water, which the night frost congeals, forming an 
infinity of icy pillars raised two or three inches 
above the surface, with the wheat plants embodied 
in them, and torn up by the roots; the succeeding 
day thaws the ice, and leaves the wheaton the sur¬ 
face to perish. Whenever wheat is much heaved 
out, it rarely escapes the rust, and the crop is either 
destroyed or greatly injured. The first object of 
the agriculturist, in such soils especially, should be 
to draw off the surplus water. He will so plow the 
fields in lands, that the last furrow on being opened 
by the plow, after harrowing, will drain off the 
water. No water should stand on a wheat-field. 
The spade and shovel should both be freely used. 
But after all this is done, he will find it only a par¬ 
tial preventive. Sub-soil plowing would be highly 
beneficial in such cases ; as that would give a greater 
depth for the water to sink from the surface. The 
sub-soil plow is an important implement of the age. 
But the most effectual, though it is the most expen¬ 
sive preventive, is under-draining. All the super¬ 
abundance of water can be readily discharged by 
under-drains. 
Early sowed wheat is less liable to freeze out, 
than late, but is more subject generally to the at¬ 
tacks of the fly. The Rochester wheat, called in 
this county, the white chaff bearded, requires to be 
sowed early—from the first of September till the 
20th. The red chaff may be sowed much later on 
an inferior soil, and succeed well; but the fly is 
more destructive to it than any other. The Medi¬ 
terranean wheat so far as it is known to me resists 
the fly better, than any other kind, and being about 
10 days earlier is not liable to rust; but it is much 
endangered by late frosts in the spring, and it 
would be advisable, if it be rank in the early part 
of March, to feed it off with sheep or calves. I 
greatly prefer the Rochester wheat to the Mediter¬ 
ranean, on a wheat soil that is in good order. But 
it should never be sowed on fields, which heave out 
wheat much; or, late in the season. It is highly 
important to sow wheat in good season, that it may 
have time to take deep root to resist heaving out 
and I recommend it to be done if your ground should 
be considerably too wet. The succeeding winter 
will prevent its baking. « But the same practice 
would be very deleterious in the spring.— Mr. Pow’s 
address before the Mahoning county , O. Jig. Society. 
Viewing Farms. 
Perhaps the operations of agricultural societies, 
are in no way productive of more real improvement, 
than by offering premiums for the best managed 
farms, especially where the farms are examined by 
judicious men, appointed for that purpose. J. W. 
Proctor, Esq., writing for the N. E. Puritan, 
remarks, that in reviewing the improvements of the 
county of Essex, Mass., 11 no plan appears to have 
been so successful as that of viewing farms entire, 
and requiring a statement of their management and 
produce for several years in succession. This was 
first introduced under the direction of the late Col. 
Pickering, and was the means of eliciting many 
valuable suggestions. This mode of examining farms 
entire, combines all the benefits accruing from the 
exhibition of particular subjects, avoiding most of 
the objections supposed to be incident to such ex 
hibitions. Instances have come to our knowledge 
