THE CULTIVATOR. 
55 
—alike in form and material, are found in these mounds 
that are found in Western New-York. Now there have, 
as yet, no chalk beds been discovered in the United 
States, and of course, no flints. Indeed, there have to 
my knowledge, none been discovered in North America. 
This being true, and the arrow-points being composed 
of a material found abundantly in England, where, also, 
similar arrow-points obviously wrought from the chalk 
cliffs near, are also found, it furnishes an interesting fact for 
the antiquarian, one that without much effort of creduli¬ 
ty, would induce the conjecture that these two systems of 
mounds and two suits of arrow-heads had a common ori¬ 
gin. 
The plowing was all along very beautiful, the “ lands” 
having been laid out with such mathematical exactness, 
and the furrows cut of such uniform width; at the dis¬ 
tance of the coach, however, the plows seemed less skill¬ 
fully constructed than some I had seen. The holding of 
a plow was shared between a pair of wheels, and a hol¬ 
der proper—while the driving of three horses or one 
horse and a pair of oxen, was entrusted to two other per¬ 
sons; in some instances to but one. Sowing by drills had 
given to the newly sprouting grain, the finest effect. The 
crops of turneps were tolerably good in some instances, 
but very rarely abundant. I was told in view of this fact, 
and some others of the same description, that our tour lay 
through a very indifferent specimen of English agricul¬ 
ture. This I found emphatically true, as we approached 
London, where the surrounding country is on the Surrey 
side, for a distance of some twenty miles, a vast, magnifi¬ 
cent garden. 
The effects of landscape gardening were illustrated in 
two or three instances on our way, which were exceed¬ 
ingly beautiful. Plats of larch and fir, the one now bril¬ 
liant yellow, and the other bright green, cover a hill side 
here, while at the conclusion of a lawn, there are tall, 
slender oaks of uniform height, and equal intervals be¬ 
tween, encased to the branches with ivy; and here again 
are mounds of shrubbery of every kind of branch and fo¬ 
liage, so disposed as to fill the eye, when viewed from 
the mansion at the foot of the valley yonder, while, there 
again, is a lone evergreen spreading its limbs in freedom 
on every side. 
Salisbury Plain, is a series of broad mounds and gently 
sloping vales, as much like the surface of country be¬ 
tween Albany and Schenectady, as any I have seen, if 
those sand plains were freed of their shrubbery. It is a 
great grass field, with here and there scanty remains of 
hedges. It appears to me a region, the soil of which is 
no longer productive, and which is therefore occupied 
only by shepherds and their flocks. Some account of 
Stone Henge, that most w onderful Druidical relic, and 
the conclusion of my journey to London, will constitute 
the introduction to my next letter. 
Respectfully yours, 
E. N. Horsford. 
Foot Rot.—C. W. S. in the English Agricultural Ga¬ 
zette, directs that the hoof be cut away sufficiently at the 
lower part to permit the escape of any matter that may be 
confined, and that the diseased part be touched, by means of 
a feather, with a little hydrocloric acid, which may be 
repeated if any fungous flesh grows on the part; if oth¬ 
erwise, the sore may be dressed daily with a powder 
composed of equal parts of sulphate of copper, alum, 
fine charcoal, and Armenian bole. The sheep must be 
kept in a clean dry place—dirt and moisture are prejudi¬ 
cial. 
To Sweeten Rancid Butter.—A foreigner, says an 
agriculturist in the neighborhood of Brussels, has suc¬ 
ceeded in removing the bad smell and disagreeable taste 
of rancid butter, by mixing and beating with it chloride 
of lime. The operation is said to consist in beating the 
butter with a sufficient quantity of w T ater, into w'hich is 
put 25 to 30 drops of chloride to 2 pounds of butter. Af¬ 
ter being mixed till all parts are in contact with the wa¬ 
ter, it is left for an hour or two, then withdrawn and 
washed anew in fresh water. 
(jCp 3 Putting hot water, say a couple of gallons, into a 
churn, and shaking it about a while before using it, will, 
it is said, make the butter “ come” in a short time. 
VERMIN IN ANIMALS, 
From man, down to the inferior tribes of animals, 
such as bees, grasshoppers and beetles, almost every 
species has its peculiar parasite. Each kind of domestic 
animals, including poultry of all sorts, is attacked by one 
or more species. We have heard it said that lice on cat¬ 
tle and ticks on sheep, “ don't do much hurt.” and from 
the myriads of those insects which are permitted to live, 
we might suppose some such idea was quite common. 
How many lice or ticks it takes to consume an ounce ot 
blood in a given time, we don’t know that any body has 
ever ascertained; but that they do actually support them¬ 
selves from the bodies of the animals to which they are 
attached, is certain. Their beaks or suckers are almost 
always inserted in the skin, and their bodies are filled 
nearly to bursting with animal juices. By their attacks, 
the vermin keep the animals in a state of constant fret¬ 
fulness and irritation; the consequence of all which, is, 
the stock become poor and weak. In endeavoring to 
relieve themselves, by biting and rubbing, from the in¬ 
tolerable itching which ticks occasion, we have frequent¬ 
ly known sheep to pull out and and lose nearly all their 
wool, and lice induce cattle to rub off much of their 
hair. Exposed to storms and inclement weather, in this 
naked and feeble condition, both cattle and sheep often 
contract diseases which carry them off—the owner, per¬ 
haps, satisfying himself by attributing the loss to bad 
luck. 
The application of various substances will kill vermin 
Tobacco-water, strong soap-suds, spirits of turpentine, 
oil, or any kind of grease, will kill them if brought in 
contact with their bodies. Preparations of mercury, 
(such as unguentum.) by affecting the blood and being 
thus carried through all parts of the system, are more 
effective; but their use is not unattended with danger. 
Salivation is sometimes produced, and if the animal while 
under its operation is exposed to cold and wet, its death 
is frequently the consequence. Sulphur also operates 
through the blood, and is a useful and perhaps harmless 
application. Strong decoctions of tobacco are sometimes 
injurious by making the animals sick and weak for a time. 
In the winter season, when the animals are clothed 
with a full coat of hair or wool, the entire destruction of 
vermin is attended with some difficulty. If cattle are 
kept under cover, or ar e fully 'protected in bad weather, 
we see no objections to a moderate use of unguentum. 
We have often used it under such circumstances, with 
perfect safety. For stock that are kept out of doors, or 
are much exposed, we should prefer w r hale oil mixed 
with spirits of turpentine. 
The best mode of killing sheep ticks, when the wool 
is long, is by fumugation with tobacco. Take a cannis- 
ter, of copper or sheet iron, made at one end to fit the 
nose of a bellows, and having at the other end a small 
pipe for the escape of the smoke. Fill the cannister 
with tobacco, put in a coal of fire, and fasten the cannis¬ 
ter to the bellows-pipe, around which there should be 
wrapped some damp tow, to make it fit tight, and com¬ 
mence operations. It takes two men, or a man and a 
boy, to w'ork to good advantage-one to hold the sheep 
and open the wool, and the other to blow in the smoke 
with the bellows. The wool should be opened in lines 
or furrows around the body from six to eight inches 
apart. As the wool is opened the pipe of the cannister 
should be applied close to the skin, the wool immediate¬ 
ly closed around, and slightly compressed at the surface 
with the hands, and at the same time a puff given with 
the bellows. This will keep the smoke close to the ani¬ 
mal’s body. The work may be done very expeditiously, 
and nearly every tick will be killed. 
This is the best course when sheep get over-run with 
ticks in the winter season ; but if the lambs are properly 
attended to, after the sheep are sheared, no necessity for 
smoking will ever occur. Three or four days after shear¬ 
ing, the ticks being deprived of protection on the sheep, 
resort to the lambs, whose wool is then generally started 
enough to give the vermin sufficient covering. If, at 
this time, the lambs are dipped in a decoction of tobacco, 
the ticks may be exterminated at once. The decoction 
need not be so strong as to hurt the lambs. 
