THE CULTIVATOR. 
63 
der for domestic use or future disposal; of selling or bar¬ 
tering raw produce, and of exchanging it into other arti¬ 
cles, by manufacture or feeding, call for much attention. 
8. The appropriation of proper articles of produce to 
different soils. This subject should by no means be light¬ 
ly passed over. 
9. Winter business of farmers, appropriate to them as 
such. 
10. Personal temperance, and temperance in agricultu¬ 
ral industry. 
11. Suitable work a suitable portion of the time on a 
farm, for children. 
12. Redeeming swamp lands and worn out and sterile 
soils. A man near the Grand Monadnock, at the cost of 
less than six dollars the acre, drained swamp land, before 
about useless, and rendered it arable and astonishingly 
productive, worth at least a hundred dollars the acre! 
Much so I have seen “ the Yankees” do on the old worn 
out lands of Maryland and Virginia. 
13. The production and application of manures. On 
this subject I must dwell at large. This is a matter of 
chief concern with husbandmen, especially of this State. 
This is the means by which you may be always crop¬ 
ping, and yet your soil will be forever gaining. 
Farmers of New-Hampshire, 1 lay it to your charge, 
that you have tilled and mowed on an average, full twice 
as much ground as you ought, and not made half the ma¬ 
nure you might and should. Now I hope that you, my 
fellow-citizens, will examine patiently and thoroughly 
into the merits of this charge. If it be just, then confess 
and forsake your agricultural sins; if unjust, then defend 
your practice like men. In either case, probably both 
you and the world will be benefited. Of what service 
for us to be writing and printing on this old subject, un¬ 
less it set you a thinking and acting 1 
All animal manures should be housed from the weath¬ 
er and never be frozen. Its fetor should be all absorbed 
from the air by gypsum, or other fit substances, put on or 
about it. If the bad smell, as you call it, go into the air 
and be driven away with the wind, you will lose the best 
part of your manure. Just so of the urine of all animals, 
man among the rest. One pound of it, saith a German 
chemist, is worth more for manure than a dozen pounds 
of the other excrescences. Then do not let a drop be 
lost. See that it all be absorbed, by saturating turf, peat, 
oats, straw, leaves, saw-dust, rotten wood, shavings, 
ferns, bogs, swamp-mud, pond-mud, spent tan, any dead 
or decaying vegetable substances, which will rot before 
or after being mixed with the soil. Let your pens, your 
necessary, your sink-spout, your carrion pit, your hen 
roost and clay or marl pit, above all, your hog-stye and 
yard, as well as your barn and your farm yard, have a 
chance to help greatly to increase your stock of manure. 
You could cause every hog to work enough, in making 
manure, to pay all his expenses! Then don't allow him 
to be idle. 
You can treble your manure, 
By means now in your own power. 
In applying your manures and compost, appropriate 
different kinds to different soils. On deep wet soils, put 
coarse and long manures; on light sandy soils, put those 
manures which tend to gather and retain moisture, or 
such as have a large portion of swamp-mud, clay or ash¬ 
es. Put from 30 to 50 loads on an acre, where you ma¬ 
nure at all, and plow it in very deep on dry soil, and not 
so deep on wet. 
A farmer not far from me, turned barren worthless up¬ 
land into first rate land, by applying about 100 loads of 
swamp-mud to the acre. 
I will now say a little on matters some more appropri¬ 
ate to New-Hampshire. 
The first object of the independent farmer, is the sus¬ 
tenance, comfort and satisfaction of himself and family. 
With this objeet in view, many are willing to use endea¬ 
vors to grow on their own soil some articles for tabic 
use, at an expense that would not be justifiable for other 
objects, such as Indian corn, beans, rye, wheat, turneps 
and onions. This matter of fancy and pleasure, I by no 
means condemn. For what we raise, we have; and 
what we don’t, we may miss of, especially that of good 
quality 
But if increase of properly, and laying up money, be 
the object of the New-Hampshire farmer, then he should 
turn his attention to the growing and proper use and dis¬ 
posal of grass, potatoes, barley, oats, peas, beets, and 
comfrey, a new article of agriculture, and of domestic 
consumption; for these suit the climate anti soil. 
Barley has been quite too much neglected. It is easily 
raised on our high lands; its crop is very sure and abun¬ 
dant; it is very nutritious; its fattening qualities are 
good, and if mixed in due proportions with rye, oatmeal, 
a mixture of potato and beet meal or comfrey flour, it 
would make excellent bread, puddings, &c. &c., and 
would be a good substitute for wheat, if not equal to it. 
Then turn your thoughts more on barley. 
On the late disease of the potatoe, I state just two facts 
and one opinion. On the sea-shore the disease was not 
so bad by far, as back in the country. On a farm in Jaf- 
frey, near me, on upland mixed with remains of black 
growth, the crop was perfect, and on old land of good 
tilth, other things being equal, the destruction was per¬ 
fect. My opinion is, that it is an unaccountable epidem¬ 
ic, prevented by some causes and increased by others. 
Yours respectfully, .Ezekiel Rich 
Troy, N. If., Dec. 7, 1844. 
TO THE BREEDERS OF SHORT HORN lAITLE in the U. S. 
In the month of May last, I proposed, through the 
columns of the Cultivator and American Agriculturist in 
N. Y. to publish an American Herd Book, provided a 
sufficient demand for a work of that kind should be made 
in the manner there indicated. At the time I wrote the 
proposition I had little confidence that it would be met with 
any general zeal, or approbation even, by the breeders of 
short horns throughout the country: and in this I have 
not been disappointed. It is apparent that a lethargy 
pervades too many of our once spirited cattle breeders 
on the vitally important subject of preserving in an en¬ 
during form the genealogies of their individual herds; a 
course, which, if persisted in, will ultimately lead, not 
only to their destruction, but to a large pecuniary loss to 
themselves, and awaken, when too late, deep and lasting 
regrets. 
But the zeal of our American breeders is not altogether 
lost. A considerable number of enterprizing and spirit¬ 
ed gentlemen have manifested strongly their desire that 
the work shall proceed; and with characteristic liberali¬ 
ty proposed such a patronage as shall procure its publi¬ 
cation. 
I propose, therefore, to commence the compilation ol 
the Herd Book as soon as sufficient material shall be 
transmitted to me for a commencement; and I now re¬ 
quest all those gentlemen who wish their animals regis¬ 
tered, to make out plain and distinct pedigrees of their 
stock, with all necessary references, and particulars that 
may be important touching their lineage; and if foreign 
animals, the date of their importation, and by whom 
made, together with such other facts as will best illus¬ 
trate their history, &c. It is to be observed that the ob¬ 
ject of this work is not to establish pedigrees, but to per¬ 
petuate them; and it may at once be remarked, that any 
animal whose purity of blood is not properly sustained, 
cannot be admitted within its pages. The English Herd 
Book was first published in 1822. Previous to that time, 
and for a few years immediately following, many valua¬ 
ble animals from among the best families of well de¬ 
scended short horns in England were imported into 
America, whose names and pedigrees are not to be found 
in its columns. Many breeders in England, not then ap¬ 
preciating the value of such a work, neglected to regis¬ 
ter their cattle; and these remained thus unnoticed in 
many instances, altogether, and in others, until the sup¬ 
plementary volumes were published. The descendants 
of those importations, preserved in their purity, and 
their history properly authenticated, will be admitted. 
But in all cases where references cannot be made direct¬ 
ly to the English Herd Book, such facts and references 
as will place the lineage of the animals named beyond 
dispute, will be necessary to accompany the registry. . 
In one particular this will differ from the English 
registry. That work has neither note nor comment. To 
