THE CULTIVATOR. 
69 
peeled to be maintained throughout the season, owing to 
a deficiency in the make of English cheese, and the great 
advance in the value of butter*” The same paper says: 
« Butter continues to advance in price, and in confirma* 
tion of our last advice, we can with confidence recom¬ 
mend shipments from the United States, and would sug¬ 
gest that the lower priced qualities (if fit for eating or 
for culinary purposes) would be the safest shipment. In 
the finer and milder sorts we would fear such a deterio¬ 
ration in quality on the passage as would bring them 
down to the level of the inferior.” 
These paragraphs are given here not so much to ad¬ 
vise our readers in regard to price, &c., as to show what 
is the opinion prevailing in England in relation to the 
quality of our dairy products, and also that we can rea¬ 
sonably expect a good demand for these articles abroad. 
Our New-York correspondent, from whom we have 
before quoted (J. E. Soulhworth, Esq., of the firm of 
South worth & Beach, 31 Water-st. N. Y.) remarks in 
relation to exports as follows: “ I do not think the quanti¬ 
ty of cheese shipped to Europe this year much larger 
than last, although the shipments were made earlier last 
season than they have been this, consequently a large 
amount was damaged by hot weather. This has learned 
shippers to be more particular, and not to send cheese in 
warm weather. The shipments have been very heavy 
during November and December, and those heard from 
have all paid well. The cheese sent this season has 
been of much better quality than that sent last season; in 
fact no prudent shipper will now purchase any but the 
best quality. The shipments are not half as large as they 
would be if we had a better quality of cheese to send to John 
Bull. This ought to stimulate our farmers to make a bet¬ 
ter quality.” 
Thus we see that we have opened to us a foreign mar¬ 
ket for our cheese, which may be increased to almost 
any extent if the farmers of this country will so far con¬ 
sult their own interest as to make a good article and one 
suited to the English market. Without expressing any 
opinion relative to the question of a tariff, we have no 
doubt that all will agree with us that it is matter of no 
small moment to American farmers to have a ready and 
remunerating sale for their surplus produce in foreign 
countries, and that foreign demand for American provi¬ 
sions does now, and will continue to exert a favorable 
influence upon our agriculture in all its departments. 
The following table will show the amount of butter and 
cheese exported from the port of New-York in the years 
1843 and 1844. 
1843. 
1944 
Butter, 
firkins, 
48,034 
28,761 
Cheese. 
, casks, 
8.964 
11,241 
do. ' 
boxes, 
62,112 
77,173 
Showing a decrease in the exports of butter, of almost 
twenty thousand firkins, and an increase in the exports of 
cheese, of not far from one-fourth. 
We have thus glanced at some of the statistics relating 
to the manufacture, exports, &c., of the products of the 
dairy, and have prolonged this article to a great length 
without arriving at an important point in our subject viz. 
The means which should be adopted to secure the 
greatest increase in quantity and improvement in quality 
of dairy products. This will form the subject for 
another article, when we hope to prove beyond the pos¬ 
sibility of a doubt, that it is in the power of nearly every 
dairyman to make a good article, and also that an increase 
of one-fourth in the average per cow may be made with¬ 
out any thing like a corresponding increase in expense. 
This we are aware is a bold position, but it is neverthe¬ 
less one susceptible of proof, and we shall produce 
something more than our own assertions to establish the 
positions assumed. In the mean time let us beg of those 
dairymen who are making no more than one hundred 
pounds of poor butter, or perhaps two hundred and fifty 
lbs. of poorer cheese per cow, to investigate the subject.' 
and see if they cannot discover the cause of their want 
of success. E. Comstock. 
Farm School. —The late John Parker, Esq. of Bos¬ 
ton, among other munificent donations, ga^e $4,000 to 
the Farm School, on Rainsford Island. 
IMPROVEMENT OF WORN OUT LANDS. 
We have received a copy of a Report on this subject, 
made to the Union Ag. Society, Hartford county, Conn., 
by Samuel Camp. Not having room for the whole, we 
give the following, which embraces the substance of the 
article. 
In directing the mode of improvement to be pursued, 
Mr. Camp thus speaks:— <£ In the first place attend to the 
barn yard. This should be of sufficient size for all your 
cattle, and in a dry place, the water from the eaves of 
your buildings being all turned out of the yard. An em¬ 
bankment should be made around the buildings and yard, 
to prevent any water from coming in which is without. 
And as special care should be had to the liquid, which is 
the most valuable part, let your yard be hollowed in the 
middle; the outside twelve feet in width, to be raised 
high enough to keep your cattle dry. This twelve feet 
at least should be covered with cow houses. Litter this 
over with straw or some vegetable matter, then a large 
supply of peat or muck, and litter over the top, to keep 
your cattle clean; turn all your cattle on every night 
through the summer, having brined straw or hay in the 
racks and mangers, and plenty of water in the troughs, 
(as a good well of water is essential.) Turn none of them 
off day or night in the winter. Your horse stables need 
no floors; level them off, and keep them well littered; 
always feeding grain sufficient to induce the poultry to 
scatter the droppings among the litter that you may not 
stumble over them when frozen. Pursue the above men¬ 
tioned course with muck and litter, until spring; then 
clear all out applying chiefly to corn. Begin then anew 
—treat your hog pen in the same way, only the manure 
from this should be carried out late in the fall and spread 
evenly over the barn yard, and littered with straw, and 
if you have put in weeds with ripe seeds, a few bushels 
of salt may be put in to kill them. Near your out-house, 
place some loads of muck or peat with a few bushels of 
lime or ashes, having a box placed under the building 
that you may draw it out often and mix its contents with 
your muck—thus making your own Poudrette. If these 
fall short of being enough, take a supply from muck or 
peat swamps. To one cart load, put of ashes 2 bushels, 
of lime 1 bushel, of crushed charcoal 4 bushels, of clay 
one-third of the whole. Always see that your land is 
seeded after cropping. Green vegetables draw their sup¬ 
port in a great degree from the atmosphere; hold the 
dews, and enrich the land, until the seed ripens; they 
then take from the soil, and if the substances are not 
there which they require, there will be a failure of the 
crop. Wheat, clover and millet, require lime in the soil 
to ripen well.” 
Mr. Camp recommends plowing in green crops, the 
best of which he thinks is clover. Wheat and rye are 
also mentioned as suitable to stand through the winter 
and plow in in the spring. He says— <6 If land has noth¬ 
ing green growing upon it, keep it mellow and free from 
crust, that it may drink in the dews, and in a little time 
it will produce a crop without manure. Dry stubble, 
where there is nothing green, should be turned under.” 
Mr. Camp closes with some good remarks on the train¬ 
ing of sons and daughters. His advice to farmers on this 
subject is thus given. “ Train all your sons and daugh¬ 
ters to habits of industry, on the farm or in the kitchen j 
let the mind and hands go together to the work, and both 
are strengthened. Give the mind proper food, let the 
thoughts be employed in something noble, benevolent, 
and exalted. Much has already been learned, and the 
wise man regards this as an evidence that much more 
knowledge may be acquired. Let none say to the mind 
* thus far shalt thou go and no farther’—it is a little spark 
from Infinity, which knows no bound!” 
Prairie Grass. —Among things which are 61 decidedly 
flat ,” the Prairie Farmer mentions the following:—“If 
a man has got him a dairy of a dozen cows, calculating 
to get rich in making butter, without having made any 
preparation for them in the way of feed—bragging loud¬ 
ly to some eastern friend, of the all-sufficiency of prairie 
o-rass—when he finds that grass as dry as stubble from 
August to Dec.—we think he will feel decidedly queer .'* 
