88 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
HEREFORD BULL-CALF “ POMARIA. 5? —(Fig. 00.) 
The above is a portrait of Pomaria, the bull-calf which received the first premium, Class first, of the New-Fork 
State Agricultural Society, at the exhibition at Poughkeepsie, 1844. He was bred by Messrs. Corning and So- 
tham, and, together with a superior heifer calf of the same breed, has been purchased by A. G. Summer, Esq. of 
Pomaria, South Carolina. Besides these fine animals, Mr. Summer puschased here, eight South Down ewes, and 
six Cotswold ewes and a buck-lamb. The sheep were all very good—both lots showing the peculiar excellencies 
of their respective breeds. The South Downs were from Mr. C. N. Bement, and the Cotswolds from Messrs. 
Corning and Sotham. These animals left here in November last for their southern destination, and we have 
since learned of their safe arrival. We have no doubt they will prove an important and valuable acquisition to 
that section of country. 
ANALYSIS OF KENTUCKY SOIL. 
Tired Fields soon recover ichen in Grass--Rotation of Crops . 
To the Editor, of the Cultivator. —I analysed 
many specimens of Kentucky soil last spring. They were 
taken from land worth about fifty dollars per acre, in 
Clarke county, fourteen miles east of Lexington. I will 
send you three specimens. 
No. 1, was taken from land that produced the fall pre¬ 
vious one hundred and forty-one bushels of shelled corn 
to the acre. This field has been in cultivation about 
fifty years, and had twice been in clover, each time two 
years. The last time it was in clover I had hauled upon 
it about fifty (one horse) cart loads of rotten chips mixed 
with spent ashes, to the acre, from the place where most 
of the wood for family fires had been chopped for the 
last fifty years. The ash hopper stood near, and after the 
potash was extracted, the spent ashes were thrown with 
the chips. 
No. 2, has been cultivated about the same length of 
time; has been once in clover, and once in blue grass 
and clover; five years altogether in grass; had cattle fed 
all winter upon it whilst in grass; produced about one 
hundred bushels of shelled corn to the acre. 
Both fields were planted with large corn, three feet 
nine inches by three feet six- inches apart in the hills, 
and were thinned to four stalks in a hill. The season 
wa3 uncommonly favorable to the production of corn. 
No. 3, was clay, taken from a hole three feet below 
the surface. 
0 No. 1. No 2. No. 3. 
Soluble, vegetable and other matter,. 7 6 o 
Insoluble vegetable matter,. 12 12 0 
Alumina,. 17 q 24 
Magnesian lime,. 21 25 26 
Phosphate of lime,.. 3 2^ 3 
Iron, (red oxide, shot ore, gravel). 7 4 12 
Quartz, flint and sand, very small fragm’ts, 30 41 33 
Loss,. 3 3£ 2 
100 100 100 
Magnesia constitutes about one-fifth of the lime, and 
the clay has in it eight per cent of potash. It is a gene¬ 
ral impression here that there is no sand in our soil, and 
to find one-third sand is truly astonishing. I could not 
believe it at first, and added potash to some of it, and 
with a blowpipe made glass. I took, subsequently, two 
hundred and twenty-nine parts of the sand that had re¬ 
sisted nitric, sulphuric and muriatic acids, and melted it 
with potash, and afterwards found that one hundred parts 
of it was iron, lime and magnesia, so there is not as 
much sand as my tables show.* 
It is truly astonishing how soon our old fields, when 
worn down by long continued and excessive cropping* 
regain their primitive fertility when sown in grass. The 
above analysis shows that all they want is vegetable 
matter. And even on hill sides, where all the soil is 
washed off, so as to expose the clay, as soon as there is 
added vegetable matter, it becomes productive again, and 
the above analysis of clay shows that it has all the ele¬ 
ments of fertility except vegetable matter. 
My most productive field, No. 1, did not produce more 
than thirty bushels of corn to the acre eleven years ago, 
when I first got possession of it. It has been improved 
mostly by clover and hauling manure upon it. No. 2, 
was likewise exhausted so that it would not have produced 
more than thirty bushels of corn to the acre. It has been 
improved by clover, blue-grass and feeding stock upon 
it, so that they deposited their manurfe in the field where 
it was wanted. 
To restore an exhausted, or rather tired field, it should 
be sown in grass, and stock fed upon it during the winter 
months. Hogs fattened upon tired land enrich it very 
much. It may be true that they fatten faster in a close 
pen, but when they are fed on ground that is intended for 
cultivation they will greatly increase its productiveness. 
One hundred hogs fattened upon ten acres of worn land 
* This experiment was made from sand after it had resisted 
the above acids. The lime, magnesia and iron, in this last 
experiment, were about in the same proportion as in the others. 
This reduces the sand to a less average than twenty per cent, 
and a part of this was incombustible vegetable matter. 
