THE CULTIVATOR. 
Ill 
Tioga —G. J. Pumpelly, Owego; Chas. T. Johnson. 
Ulster— Lewis Bevier, Rochester, P. O. ; Joseph Arnold, King¬ 
ston. 
Washington —John McDonald, Salem; Asa Fitch, Jr.; Henry 
Holmes, Greenwich. 
Westchester— Tyler Fountain, Peekskill. 
Wyoming— James C. Ferris, Wyoming; A. W. Young, Warsaw. 
March 13.—At the meeting of the Executive Com¬ 
mittee this day—present, Messrs. Prentice, McIntyre, 
Hillhouse, Enos and Tucker— Mr. Prentice, Vice 
Pres’t, in the chair. 
The Recording Secretary reported that he had recei¬ 
ved from F. Rotch, Esq. the dies for Medals, ordered 
some time last year; together with samples of the Me¬ 
dals in gold, silver, gilt, bronze and metal—the account 
for which was audited and ordered paid. The design 
and execution of the medals were much admired. 
A letter from L. F. Allen, Esq. on the subject of 
Premiums on Horses, was read, and its consideration de¬ 
ferred to a more full meeting of the Board. 
A letter from Mr. Adams, relative to the Premium on 
Cornstalk Sugar, having been read, on motion of Mr. 
Tucker, 
Resolved, That the offer of a premium for Cornstalk 
Sugar, be amended so as to read—“ For the best 25 lbs. 
sugar, manufactured from the juice of the cornstalk, $25 
—the premium not to be awarded, unless the samples 
offered, shall be deemed worthy of it.” 
The Committee on Diplomas were directed to have 
the Design for a Diploma, adopted at the December 
meeting, engraved on steel. 
CULTIVATION OF FOREST TREES. 
The propagation of forest trees is becoming every 
year more important. In some sections they are wanted 
for ornament and shade, in others for wood and timber. 
There is a large portion of the western country, in 
which the natural destitution of timber constitutes a great 
obstacle to its cultivation—indeed, there are many dis¬ 
tricts which can never be much improved, until some 
substitute can be found for the forest. There is no rea¬ 
sonable doubt that those bleak prairies might, in the 
course of a few years, if proper care were used, be 
covered with various kinds of trees. 
Of valuable kinds of trees which may be readily cul¬ 
tivated, there are the various species of maple, ash, oak, 
chestnut, walnut, pines, larch, &c. 
In transplanting from the woods, it is not advisable to 
choose very large trees; we have found small ones pre¬ 
ferable, as they more readily accommodate themselves 
to the change from a protected situation to the open air. 
Evergreens do best when transplanted in the fore part of 
the winter, when the ground is just so much frozen that 
the earth to the depth of six or eight inches will adhere 
to the roots, and by transferring them in this manner to 
their new location, there is much more certainty of their 
succeeding. 
But the best mode of propagation is by seed. It is 
true, however, that a difficulty is often experienced in 
causing the seeds or nuts to vegetate. The principal 
cause of this difficulty, is owing to the nuts becoming 
too dry before they are put in the ground. The best 
course is, to plant them as soon as they fall from the 
tree. The seeds of the elir. and the white and red 
maples, (Acer dasycarpum , and A. rubrum,) fall early in 
the season. The blossoms put out before the leaves ap¬ 
pear, and in this latitude the seeds generally fall before 
the middle of June. Attached to the pericarps or seed 
coverings, are thin fibrous appendages, (that of the ma¬ 
ple bearing no small resemblance to the wing of an in¬ 
sect,) by which the wind disperses the seeds in different 
directions till they come in contact with earth or some 
object upon its surface, where, if circumstances are fa¬ 
vorable, they vegetate. We have had some experience 
in rearing trees of these varieties. The seeds should 
be gathered as soon as they fall, and immediately plant¬ 
ed. They may be sown as thick as we sow peas, in 
rows sixteen or eighteen inches apart, as they will occu¬ 
py but little room the first year. The next spring they 
should be transplanted, in the same manner as apple- 
trees are, from the seed-bed. 
The rock or sugar maple (A. saccharinum ) does not 
drop its seeds as early as the white and red kinds do; 
they do not fall till autumn, and seldom, (perhaps never) 
vegetate till the succeeding spring. In the vicinity of 
old trees, the young ones may be found in great num¬ 
bers, just as they appear above-ground, which is about 
the time the trees become full set with foliage. They 
may then be readily taken up with the spade and trans¬ 
planted in the nursery. Care, however, should be taken 
to get, as far as possible, those young trees which have 
come up in the open air, as those taken from the shade 
will hardly hear exposure to the hot sun in their new lo¬ 
cation. Cattle and other animals greedily eat these 
young trees, and it is therefore not easy to find them, 
long after they first come up, in situations where stock 
range. But the best course with the suger maple, is 
that recommended for the other kinds and for elms: that 
is, to gather the seeds as soon as they drop, and plant 
them in the seed-bed, where they will be sure to vege¬ 
tate early the next spring. The seeds of the white ash 
and catalpa may be managed in the same way. If ma¬ 
ples are planted in good moist soil, their growth is rapid. 
We have had them ten feet high in three years, from the 
seed. 
Nuts of all kinds, the haws of thorns, &c., should be 
planted as soon as they fall from the tree, or else should 
be put immediately in boxes of moist earth, and there 
kept till spring. 
The yellow and black locust are easily propagated 
from seed. They are of rapid growth, and when not at¬ 
tacked by insects, are highly valuable for timber. The 
pods containing the seeds are easily gathered when ripe, 
and the seeds may either be planted the same fall, or 
kept till spring. If they lay in the ground during win¬ 
ter, they will vegetate the next season. If the seeds 
are kept dry, they will retain their vegetating powers a 
long time; but if it is wished to have them come up 
soon, it is necessary, just as they are planted, to pour 
hot water on them, to soften the hard skins and allow 
the moisture to strike to the germ. The honey locust 
may be propagated in the same way as the other kinds, 
but is less valuable for timber, though we believe ;t is 
never attacked by the borer, anti is sometimes rec )m- 
mended for hedges. 
In some sections of the country, particularly in the 
eastern part of Massachusetts, we have noticed pli ata- 
tions of the white pine. The cultivation of the pii e is 
a matter of much importance in those districts. In « wly 
times, lands were in many instances brought into cultiva¬ 
tion there, which from their natural barrenness 1 ive 
long since ceased to produce crops that would pay the 
cost. These old fields, by a little attention, may be 
brought profitably into wood, and their unseemly nal ad- 
ness and sterility changed for ornamental groves. 
We believe the seed of the pine is usually sown 
broad-cast, in the cases we allude to; we are not, how- 
jever, much acquainted with the mode pursued, but pre¬ 
sume it is necessary to gather the cones containing the 
seed as soon as they fall, lest the seeds should be lost, oi 
picked out and carried off by squirrels. 
Will not some of our friends in the old Colony,” or 
elsewhere, give us the best mode of cultivating the pine 
and other forest trees on worn-out lands ? 
We would call attention to an able and very interest¬ 
ing article—by a correspondent from whom we hope to 
hear again—on the culture of the larch, in this number. 
Onions. —The average yield of this crop (in the coun¬ 
ty of Essex, Mass.) is 300 bushels per acre; sometimes 
as hij-h as 500 or 600 bushels. The ordinary expense 
of manure and labor to an acre may be estimated at dou¬ 
ble that required for Indian corn; this estimate is belie¬ 
ved to be ample to cover all that will be requisite for a 
series of years, especially when it is taken into view that 
much of the labor of weeding and gardening may be 
done by r children. For ten years past, from 30,000 to 
60,000 bushels in a year have been raised in the single 
town of Danvers. The average value of the crop when 
brought to market, is fifty cents per bushel, or $150 per- 
acre. In what way can so fair a profit be realized from 
the land ?— .Proctor's Address. 
