THE CULTIVATOR. 
193 
countrymen, not with a view of 
dictating- to their superior judg¬ 
ment, but to show that an in- 
stitution for a practical and sci¬ 
entific education in agriculture 
may, without any hazardous 
expenditure, or any large in¬ 
vestment, be made almost im¬ 
mediately attainable, and un¬ 
der every practicable advan¬ 
tage.” 
Under the heads of Rural 
Manners in England, A 
Pencil Sketch, and Life in 
the Country, we find beau¬ 
tiful, and indeed charming de¬ 
scriptions of the character of 
some of the higher class of 
farmers, and the nobility of 
England, but we are forced 
from the space allotted to this article, to pass over them! 
without extracts. _ j 
The Veterinary College, near London, is spoken' 
of; and is, in Mr. Colman’s estimation, a highly useful as 
well as humane institution; and he earnestly recommends 
that similar establishments should be connected with me¬ 
dical schools in this country. 
The chapters on the Museum of Economic Geology, 
Chemical Agricultural Association in Scotland, 
Chemical Agricultural Lectures, and Employment 
of Agriculturists, comprise the remainder of the 
Third Part. 
The typographical execution of this, as of the former 
portions of the work, is beautiful, and certainly does 
much credit to Mr. Phelps, the publisher. We presume 
it is reasonable to expect that the remaining portions of 
Mr. Colman’s work will be more particularly devoted to 
the details of husbandry as practiced in Great Britain. 
THE EXPLORING EXPEDITION. 
Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition , du¬ 
ring the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842; by Chas. 
Wilkes, U. S. N., Commander of the Expedition. 
Philadelphia: Lea & Blanchard. 
This work was first published in five large imperial oc¬ 
tavo volumes, with steel vignettes and line engravingsof 
scenery, &c. together with finely executed maps and 
charts; making a magnificent, though expensive work. 
The publishers have now com¬ 
menced the issue of a much 
cheaper edition, containing pre¬ 
cisely the same matter as the 
first; the only difference is in 
quality and size of the paper, the 
substitution of wood-cuts for the 
steel vignettes, the omission of 
the line engravings and some of 
the maps. It is afforded at a 
price which will bring it within 
the reach of many from whom 
the other would have been de¬ 
barred; the cost of the large edi¬ 
tion being twenty-five, and that 
of the latter, only ten dollars. 
It will consist of five volumes, 
one of which will be issued a- 
bout every two weeks till the 
work shall be completed. The 
publishers say the number of wood illustrations in this 
edition is nearly three hundred. 
With the first volume of this work, which has been re¬ 
ceived, we are much pleased. It contains a very large 
amount of the most interesting and valuable matter per¬ 
taining to the various objects to which the attention of 
the officers belonging to the Expedition was directed. 
The volume numbers fifteen chapters, in which are given 
all the important details in relation to the fitting out of 
the Expedition, and its progress till its departure from 
Peru, on its course among the islands of the South Paci- 
The Ox-Cart of Chili—(Fig. 65.) 
fie. The only serious accident sustained by the squadron, 
was the loss of the Sea-Gull, one of the tenders,j which, 
with all on board, it is supposed was sunk in a storm in 
the latter part of April, 1839. We cannot but express 
the gratification we have enjoyed in reading the account's, 
which are no doubt truthfully, as they certainly are inte¬ 
restingly given, of the physical, civil, and social condi¬ 
tion of the different countries and tribes of people, visit¬ 
ed. We find much in reference to the agricultural and 
economical capacities, and rural management of those 
countries, which, did space allow, might be transferred 
to our pages, to the gratification of our readers, but our 
notice must necessarily be brief. 
Having touched at Madeira, Rio Janeiro, and passed 
round Cape Horn, circumstances rendered it expedient 
for the squadron to put into Valparaiso for repairs, and 
while detained there, the officers made several excursions 
into the neighboring country. The cjty of Valparaiso, 
as well as the Province or State of Chjfi generally, is de¬ 
scribed as being much improved in itjrpolitical relations, 
and in the morals and habits of the people, within the 
last twenty years. The agriculture, however, from the 
accounts given, must be still in a rather rude state. The 
plows are described as “ nothing more than crooked 
sticks, with the share and point hardened by charring.” 
The vehicles, the few that are used, for conveying pro¬ 
duce to market, are almost equally rude and inconveni¬ 
ent. We are informed that “ the heavy merchandise is 
for the most part transported in ox-carts of enormous di¬ 
mensions. (See fig. 65.) Their wheels are clumsy, and 
without tires, and the whole frame is made strong with 
timber pinned together. Their perpendicular sides and 
rounded tops are wattled with cane and covered with 
bull’s hide. No iron is used in their structure; wooden 
pins and raw-hide lashings serving to answer the purpose 
better. The yoke is set on the heads of the oxen, behind 
the horns, and fastened to them. The creaking of these 
carts may be heard for miles, as the drivers never think 
of greasing the wheels to lesson the friction. They are 
generally drawn by four or eight oxen.” 
Horses, mules, and sometimes lamas are used for the 
Taking Grass to Market in Chili—(Fig 66.) 
