290 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
are always sowed with turneps in August. No one 
can credit, unless he has had proper experience in the 
matter, the quantity of food that one acre of lucerne, one 
of rich orchard grass and clover, and one of oats and 
corn, afford from May till August, nor can he estimate 
the great saving in manure, much less the comparatively 
good health of the cattle, from not being exposed on the 
naked fields, under a fervid sun, toiling all day in search 
of food. This practice allows me to crop almost the 
whole of the land, and to make some 120 to 150 tons of 
hay annually. In the fall, from August till November, 
the cattle have the whole range of the mowed lands, as 
I do not cut second crop grass for hay. Then for win¬ 
ter feed, I have always an acre of sugar beet, half an 
acre of sugar parsneps; half an acre or more of carrots, 
for my horses; and generally from three to four acres 
of turneps. I report to (he Committee on Crops this 
season, over 100 tons of these roots. In 1843, I gathered 
from one acre, 1078 bushels sugar beets, 60 lbs. to the 
bushel; carrots at the rate of 687 bushels; sugar par¬ 
sneps, 868 bushels. This year 972 bushels sugar beets; 
970 bushels carrots; 700 bushels sugar parsnep; and from 
three and a half acres, 2500 bushels of turneps, sowed 
with timothy seed. 
The farm buildings consist of three substantial stone 
barns, one 70 feet by 33, another 50 by 26, and another 
hipt roof with cupola, 57 by 25, besides a large over¬ 
shoot stable and hay house, stable high of stone, 60 feet 
by 30—the lower floors of all these are made of broken 
stone and lime, planked, being vermin proof. There 
are also, a corn crib capable of holding 1200 bushels of 
corn, one barrack, ample hog-pens, and sheds for carts 
and wagons. The barn buildings have been filled this 
fall to their utmost limit, except the corn crib. 
“ A substantial stone wall encloses the principal ma¬ 
nure heap; the drainings from this heap are led into a 
place of deposit, in which are received also a drain that 
runs under ground from the kitchen, as well as drainings 
from the pig-pens, and the washings from all the yards. 
These drainings form an important item in the supply of 
manure to my land; it is a saving which I cannot esti¬ 
mate at less than $200 a year. This liquid by a simple 
process is applied to the patches of roots, &c., anil to 
this may be ascribed my great success in raising such 
crops. 
“ Of Improved Cattle, my first effort was with the cele- 
oraled “Dairy Maid,” still owned by me. Her first calf, 
Leander. by Whitaker’s Prince of Northumberland, 
was reared and kept by me, for breeding. Dairy 
Maid’s calves alone, exclusive of Leander, have already 
sold for more than $500. It would be curious to trace 
her profit at this day, by stating an account of her' first 
cost, her keep, and that of her son Leander; crediting 
her by sales of her own calves and grand calves; deduct¬ 
ing for the portion of the capital which was invested in 
the dams that produced the grand calves. To do this, 
would extend this paper to an unusual length—suffice it 
to say r , that Dairy Maid has long since paid for herself, 
and that those who laughed at me for giving $540 for 
one cow, may turn this statement over in their minds, 
and think, whether since 1838 any investment of theirs, 
to the same amount, in any other branch of husbandry, 
has paid so well. 
But there is a satisfaction beyond that of the pocket, 
and that is, that Dairy Maid’s breed will be of infinite 
service to the country. Her calves and grand calves, are 
pretty well scattered already—and I make no doubt, but 
wherever found they will demonstrate the high charac¬ 
ter of the parent stock. 
My sales for the last two years, exclusive of Dairy 
Maid’s calves, amount to over $2000. The stock now 
on hand is about 40 head, principally Durhams. The 
butter sold for the last two years exceeds $750; this is a 
respectable item, when the calves that were reared, and 
the supply for my family are taken into view. From 
early fall to spring, the butter averaged 70 lbs. per week 
—the quality highly appreciated abroad, as well as at 
home. 
“ In the hog line, I have been quite successful, at 
least in bringing the animal by judicious crossing, to 
great perfection. I fatted off my old Lincoln, and Berk. 
!shire Boars, and my Hampshire and Chester county sows? 
last month; they weighed from 400 to 450 lbs., sold for 
$86.24. Have sold the last two years of pigs, designed 
for breeding, $150. Bacon, lard, &c., over $120, be¬ 
sides, having on hand 14 fine young barrows, last fall’s 
pigs, now ready for slaughter, which Will weigh from 
250 to 300 lbs. each, value $150. The stock on hand 
consists of one fine boar of Lincoln, Hampshire, and 
Berkshire breed; one brood sow of Berkshire breed, 
12 shoats and seven pigs.” 
FAIR OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE. 
From the circular of the Managers we give the follow¬ 
ing extracts. They are making vigorous efforts to ren¬ 
der the coming exhibition superior to any preceding one: 
The exhibition will be opened to the public on Mon¬ 
day, the 6th day of October, 1845, at 12 o’clock, M., at 
Niblo's Garden, Broadway, in the city of New-York. 
Contributions from exhibitors will be received on Thurs¬ 
day, Friday and Saturday of the previous week. To in¬ 
sure the most favorable locations, and the advantages of 
competition, the products of the Manufacturer, Mechanic 
and Artisan must be delivered and entered on the books 
of the Fair, on one of those days. The chance of a good 
location will be in favor of those who come the first and 
second day. Fruits, Flowers, &c., form an exception. 
The proper time for entering them will be specified in 
the agricultural and horticultural circular, or notices here¬ 
after to be issuued. 
On Thursday, the 9th day of October, a National Con¬ 
vention of Farmers and Gardeners, and Silk Culturists 
will be held. Circulars, with questions prepared, will 
be issued. Washington's Home Department of Agricul¬ 
ture, recommended by the Institute, and unanimously 
approved by a National Convention held last year, will 
again be urged. 
For the second week, has been assigned the show of 
cattle, horses, and other live stock, and the plowing 
and spading matches. To accommodate those interested 
in the cattle show, a beautiful plot of ground has been 
secured between Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth streets, 
near the intersection of Broadway and the Fifth Avenue, 
with commodious rooms on the premises for accommo- 
modating the committees. The plowing and spading 
matches will be held in New-York, or its vicinity. For 
particulars, see agricultural circular. 
The anniversary and other addresses will also be deli¬ 
vered in the course of the second week. The horticul¬ 
tural exhibition of vegetables, fruits, flowers, &c., will 
be in Niblo’s long promenade, superintended by eminent 
horticulturists. Great varieties of rare seeds have been, 
the last year, scattered by the Institute over our country, 
with the express understanding, that a portion of their 
products be brought to the Fair, to swell the beauties of 
the display. 
The best new and useful inventions will be objects of 
the highest honors. Also, establishments affording large 
varieties of specimens of well constructed agricultural 
and horticultural machines and implements; but in no 
case, for want of competition, or other cause, will any 
article be entitled to premium, if adjudged intrinsically 
not deserving particular commendation. 
Depth 
OF PLANTING 
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), and 11, 
were dug in 22 days; 
No. 8 was an 
inch below the surface, and 9 and 11, 3 inches below. 
No. 10 was very weak and died in 10 days.— Burger . 
