1874.] 
57 
AMERICAN AGrRICULTURIST. 
in these draft-ways. A flue of sticks, placed 
upon their ends, is also made in the center of the 
heap connecting with these draft-ways. Upon 
this lower layer of wood a foot in thickness of 
A Calf-Feeder. 
Patience is not a universal virtue, and a great 
deal of patience 
is required in f'’' •, 
• teaching a calf / \ 
to drink. It is not jf \ 
an unc o m m o n AS) 
thing to see the i _ 
milk spilled hy ff 
the calf, and the 
poor creature te AtfHiSfcy-’ -xy 
banged with the --- .l-.j, 
owner as a gentle 
intimation that ~ 
CALE-FEEDEB. 
it must not do so 
again. Those who would rather use a lit- 
HEAPS OP SHELLS POR BURNING. 
shells is placed, then a layer of wood and 
then one of shells, alternating with shells and 
wood, and gradually drawing in the heap until 
a conical pile about eight feet high is made. 
The central flue is carried up carefully to the 
top as the heap is made. The heap is then 
covered with swamp-grass or sea-weed or sods, 
upon which earth is thrown and closely beaten 
down. The hole at the top is left open at first. 
Then fire is put to the bottom of the heap at 
each of the draft-holes, and when the fuel is well 
kindled the holes are closed or partly closed 
with flat stones or sods so as to keep the fire 
from burning too quickly. When the heap is 
all on fire a flat stone is placed over the central 
hole, and the drafts are very carefully watched 
and managed so as to keep a moderate red-heat 
inside the pile. A ladder should be kept at 
hand to reach the top of the heap when neces¬ 
sary. As the heap gradually settles down the 
cracks which will appear should he closed with 
fresh earth. If a large hole should happen to 
he made a few shovelfuls of shells should be 
thrown into it, a quantity of damp grass or 
weeds placed upon them, and covered closely 
with fresh earth. In three days the shells will 
be burned into lime. 
The best way to use the shell-lime is to draw 
it as soon as cooled to the field where it is to be 
spread and deposit it in small heaps one or two 
rods apart each way, according to the quantity 
to be spread. If half a bushel is placed at 
each heap, and the heaps are one rod apart, 
there will be 80 bushels of lime per acre. If 
the heaps are two rods apart there will be 20 
bushels per acre, and if the heaps contain one 
bushel there will be 40 bushels per acre. 
tie ingenuity in place of the required pa¬ 
tience may avail themselves of the contrivance 
here figured. It consists of a tube fastened 
to the bottom of the feeding pail so that the 
milk can enter £br 
tube by the bottom 
and be sucked up fox 
the calf. A piece <61 
india-rubber t u hr 
with a nozzle of el¬ 
der- wood, f r o ie 
which the pith has 
been forced, place 
in the end to prevent 
collapse, will answer 
the purpose. After 
the calf has had a 
short experience wii 
a pail of this kind is 
is usually the case 
that it takes to drink¬ 
ing without the use of the tube, and it may 
then be removed. 
Protection for a Circular Saw. 
The circular saw is a necessary addition 
the horse-power on every well appointed farm. 
Besides its use for cutting fire-wood, it can fes 
PROTECTION POR CIRCULAR SAW. 
made of great help in preparing lumber for th& 
constant repairs and alterations which azg 
needed. But such a saw requires to be used 
with caution. The table needs to be made vary 
strongly and set very firmly. The greatest., 
care is needed to avoid flying splinters, pieces 
of bark, or loose knots while the saw is in opera¬ 
tion. The edge of a saw two feet in diameteg 
revolving 3,000 times a minute, moves with a 
velocity of 300 feet in a second, and any pleas; 
or splinters which may be thrown over the sss?r 
moving with equal velocity, acquire force sula- 
cient to do a serious injury should they strike 
any person. This danger may be avoided foy 
hanging over the saw (from the ceiling or beam 
above) a frame of strips of plank made as show®, 
in the accompanying engraving. This is better 
than hanging a piece of solid plank, which ; Js 
sometimes, done, because the plank obscures 
the. sight, while the frame of strips does nof, 
and the operator, being able to see between .the 
strips, can view everything which is going -on. 
The spaces between the strips should not h£ 
more than half an inch each in width. 
of the manure. The floors of the stalls are 
sunk three feet below the surface. Here the 
cattle are fed and well bedded with straw. If 
lengths of at least three 
inches the manure is so 
much the better for it. 
The litter and the ma¬ 
nure remain in the stall 
during the whole winter, 
and as they gradually ac¬ 
cumulate and the floor 
rises the bars are raised. 
Each bar fits into sockets 
in the posts of the build¬ 
ing, and is held into its 
place by pins. The feed 
trough is made to slide 
up and down upon iron 
bars as may be needed. 
There is also a rack 
slung from the roof or 
ceiling above, between 
each pair of stalls, for 
long straw or hay, which 
is given once a day to 
the stock. The most appropriate and econ¬ 
omical feed for the stock in these stalls is cut 
hay and meal and roots, either steamed or 
otherwise. The richer the feed given the richer 
will be the manure. 
An Improved Horse-Trough. 
There are a great number of horses which 
have the wasteful habit of throwing their feed 
out of the trough by means of a side jerk with 
the nose. This is especially the case with 
homes that are fed with cut feed, and it is in 
the straw is cut into 
3.— PLAN OF STALLS. 
IMPROVED HORSE-TROUGH. 
the search for the loose meal which finds its 
way to tke bottom of the trough that the mis¬ 
chief is done. We have prevented the waste 
by simply nailing a few bars across the feed- 
trough as shown in the engraving. The horse 
then finds it impossible to throw his feed out, 
and must take it as he finds it. The bars should 
not be more than a foot apart. 
Burning Shells to Make Lime. 
The engraving shows the usual method of 
burning shells for lime in pits or heaps. This 
may he done very readily in places where 
shells are abundant and stones for building 
kilns are scarce, as in localities along the hays 
and inlets along the coasts. In these localities 
shells are the only available source for a sup¬ 
ply of lime, and this valuable fertilizer can not 
be procured in any other way except at great 
expense. To burn the shells a level spot 
should he made about twelve feet in diameter. 
A quantity of rough brush-wood is then laid 
down several inches in thickness, leaving four 
or more open draft-ways or flues from the out¬ 
side to the center. Fine kindling-wood is laid 
