98 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[March, 
be fire-proof; JSF, chimney; 0, repair room; 
P, work room ; <2, sink and drain; B, trap for 
skimmed milk, leading to hog pens; S, milk 
room with racks. 
Figure 4 shows: A, the manure cellar for the 
horse stables, also for store hogs; B, B are pens 
for fattening swine; with troughs at C, C and 
doors at D, 1). The partitions between the 
pens are of planks, and may be removed so as 
to make but one apartment of them if needed 
for other purposes. IS is the stairs ; F, water 
box ; G, G , stables for cattle; H, ox stable; f, 
passage for feeding grain or roots; each stall 
being provided with a slide for passing in the 
feed; S,S are scuttles for manure; T,T, gutters 
for manure; J, pen for calves, furnished with 
stanchions and places for milk; E, a loose box 
P , hennery with large windows; Q, stairs; 
B, roosts. 
Figure 5 shows the cross section at X, fig¬ 
ure 4 : A is the main floor, 13 feet wide, 94 
feet long; B, B are bays; 
C, loft; D, D, feed pas¬ 
sages ; E, E, racks; F, F, 
stables. Figure 6 shows 
the manure cellar. B, B, 
place for sheep or young 
stock; C, C, water boxes; 
B, j D, stairs; E, lower 
room of hennery. 
As will be readily perceived, this plan of 
barn is adapted to the requirements of a much 
larger barn, and for a farm upon which the 
production of manure by high feeding is one 
of the chief objects aimed at. Its cost is 
about $2,800. 
Fig. 5.— CROSS- 
SECTION. 
or hospital for sick animals or incoming cows; 
L is the lower floor, 14 feet below main floor; j 
M, hay shoot; N, N, bays; 0, loft of shed; 
Fig. 6. —MANURE CELLAR. 
Value of Arab Blood.— From the special 
reports made to the war department of Prussia 
during the French war as to the efficiency of 
the cavalry service, we learn that the breed 
which exhibited the greatest endurance during 
that war was the East Prussian horse, a race 
which has a large infusion of Arab blood. 
They were able to carry a heavier weight than 
any other race of 
horses in use in 
the German cav¬ 
alry, and far ex¬ 
ceeded in endur¬ 
ance even the 
English troop 
horses, they also 
resisted exposure 
and hardship 
more successful¬ 
ly, and kept in 
better condition 
upon a smaller 
ration of forage. 
The captured 
French horses although much heavier than the 
Prussian horses, were found to be very inferior. 
Here is an authentic and strong corroboration 
of the general opinion as to the value of a 
thoroughbred cross upon our work horses, 
or at least upon those in which activity, 
strength, and endurance are desirable qualities. 
A Little Farm well Tilled. —In the 
last volume of the Journal of the Royal Agri¬ 
cultural Society of England there is described 
a farm in Ireland consisting of 13 acres, occu¬ 
pied by a Patrick Clear. The report describing 
the condition of this small farm, for which the 
tenant pays a rent of six dollars and a quarter 
per acre, says the little farm, including cottage, 
out-houses, and yards, is a model of neatness. 
The crops were grass, oats, roots, and barley in 
a four-course rotation. There were two acres 
in permanent grass, which was kept for pasture 
for three cows and a horse. The young grass 
for mowing is top-dressed with guano and 
compost. The root crops were good and were 
perfectly free from weeds. The headlands of 
the fields were planted with cabbages, and 
there was not a vacant spot upon the farm. 
The hedges and gates were in good order. A 
good many pigs and a large number of poultry 
are raised every year. The calves are fattened 
and sold for veal. The stubbles are all sub- 
soiled and fall-plowed. This little but excel¬ 
lently managed farm is a good illustration of 
what may be done upon a very small piece of 
land by thorough cultivation. 
PupU Farmers. 
The old system of apprenticeship had its 
merits. Although shorn of its ancient usages 
and bonds it exists to a great and useful extent 
to-day. That it is gradually coming into use 
upon the farm is a proof that farming is attain¬ 
ing the rank of an established business in the 
full significance of the term. Anciently the 
w r eaver or “ webster,” the butcher, the skinner, 
or “ fletcher,” the smith, the tailor, or “ t ay lor,” 
and other tradesmen taught their sons their 
trades as they gave them their names, and the 
trade became the property of the family as 
much as the name. No stranger intermeddled 
with their trades. Such competition was rarely- 
permitted. But society has outgrown this state 
of things, and the son, not bound by tire ancient 
tyranny of a parental despotism, leaves the 
farm for other employments. As he quits the 
farm so other boys leave other homes and seek 
the farm, or they would do so if opportunities 
were presented to them. Such opportunities it 
■was hoped would be presented by the agricul¬ 
tural colleges, but that idea has not as yet been 
realized to any extent. The only resource for 
such youths or young men is to become pupils 
of some successful farmer, and learn their busi¬ 
ness or trade in a thoroughly practical manner, 
without being hampered with studies for which 
they have no use. In England and other coun¬ 
tries the agricultural journals contain numerous 
advertisements from farmers who desire pupils, 
and from young men who desire to become 
pupils, and the same system is already originat¬ 
ing here. Not long ago a case in which we 
w r ere the means of bringing master and pupil 
together, has resulted so satisfactorily to both 
parties that we recommend its repetition in 
other instances. Doubtless there are many 
successful farmers who would receive pupils, 
and hundreds of young men who would gladly 
seize upon an opportunity of becoming pupils 
to such farmers. We so very frequently receive 
applications from young men desiring to learn 
stock farming or dairy farming in the West, or 
general farming in the East, that it would be of 
great service to them should those farmers or 
dairymen who desire to receive pupils make it 
known publicly through the columns devoted 
to business matters. But none should enter 
upon this work unless entirely competent. 
A Safe Cattle Tie. 
We recently met with a case in which a care¬ 
ful farmer, making the usual rounds of his 
stables the last thing before retiring at night, 
discovered a valuable cow fast with its foot 
over the halter, the halter being fastened to a 
strap around the animal's neck and to a hole in 
the feed trough. It was extremely probable 
that the cow would have been strangled before 
morning had she not been relieved. There are 
two things to be learned from this accident. 
The one is that no farmer should neglect the 
practice of seeing that all is right with his 
stock the last thing at night. The other is that 
such a fastening as above described is very un¬ 
safe for either cattle or horses. A tie that is as 
safe as probably any tie can be made is here 
shown. It is one that we have used for cattle, 
both oxen and cows, for several year's without 
any accident or mishap whatever. A ring or 
eye-bolt is securely fastened in the side of the 
stall above the level ©f the feed trough. 
Through this ring the rope tie is passed. One 
