122 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[April, 
Contents for April, 1874. 
Agriculture, French....139 
Barn Yard, Plan of a.2 Illustrations . .136 
Bee Notes for April.129 
Boys and Girls’ Columns—Some “ Very Wonderful 
Plants A Strange Bird—Aunt Sue’s Puzzle-Box 
—A Corresponding Society—First Lesson in Row¬ 
ing—Writing for the Paper.5 Illustrations.. 147, 148 
Bulbs, Seeds, etc., Treatment of Tropical.142 
Catalogues Received. 129 
Cheese Factory, How to Start a.12 Illustrations.. 137 
Concrete Building.2 Illustrations. 136 
Farmers’ Clubs. 140 
Farm, Laying out a Western. Illustrated. .139 
Flower Garden and Lawn for April.124 
Flowers, Drummond’s Phlox. Illustrated. .141 
Fruit Garden for April. 123 
Greenhouse and Cellar, Combined. Illustrated. .141 
Greenhouse and Window Plants for April.124 
Horse Power, How to Load a.3 Illustrations . .135 
Household Department—About Earth Closets—What 
shall we have for Breakfast ?—Home Topics. 
.... .2 Illustrations. .145, 146 
John Johnston. Illustrated . .130 
Kitchen Garden for April. 123 
Lamb, Spring Management of. Illustrated. .133 
Leather, How it is Tanned.7 Illustrations . .139 
Market Report for April.124 
Milk, Varieties of.3 Illustrations. .138 
Ogden Farm Papers, No. 50—Dairy, Coloring Butter— 
Cooking Food for Stock..130, 132 
Orchard and Nursery for April. 123 
Plants, Clematis. 142 
Plants, Forced. 143 
Plants, Rock Tunica. Illustrated . .144 
Plows, An Improvement in.2 Illustrations . .132 
Sheep, Oxford Down. Illustrated.. 133 
Shrub, A California.A. Illustrated . .144 
Tobacco, Cultivation of..139 
Tomatoes, Experience with.143 
Trees—Planting upon Highways. 129 
Walks and Talks on the Farm, No. 124—Oats and 
Peas—Mustard—Apple Orchard—Northern Spies— 
Market Report, in London—Petroleum—Pi,s—Corn 
—Oil Cake and Peas—Potato Prizes... ..134,135 
Work, Hints About.. 122 
Yucca and Its Uses. 143 
INDEX TO “BASKET,” OR SHORTER ARTICLES. 
Am. Turf Register and 
Racing Calendar. : .128 
Arbor Day i» Iowa.126 
Ashes for Peach Trees.. .128 
Bed-bugs.128 
Blackberry. Snyder.126 
Book Notices .126 
Book on Horses.127 
Bromopliyte... .........127 
Buckwheat....128 
Cabbage Plants...127 
Cellar'Wall, Frost Dis¬ 
turbing. ...127 
Chromo, Purdy’s.... ...127 
Chromos, Varnishing....128 
Chromo, Vick’s....126 
Close Breeding.126 
Colt, How to Feed a.128 
Colonies, Government 
Help for.127 
Compost, Heat for a.... .127 
Congress, Watch.125 
Corn and Bran, Value of.126 
Corn, Sanford.. .127 
Dairy Business in the 
West.. .128 
dairymen’s Association, 
North-Western.127 
Dish-Cloth, Iron....128 
Dog Power. 127 
Eleagnns parvifolius.. ..127 
Exhibition in Chili.126 
Fields, Impr’gSouthern.128 
Gardeners’ Monthly.127 
Hay Fork, The Best.128 
Hoof, Contraction in.... 127 
Humbugs, Horticultural .128 
Humbugs, Sundry.125 
Lands, Neb. and Minn...126 
Landscape Gardener._126 
Liicern.. .. 128 
Mill, Howard.126 
Name, Your.127 
Night Soil, Utilizing... .128 
Oats, How many Bundles 
to an Acre.127 
Oils, Safe..127 
Paint, Averill Chemical..125 
Patented Articles.127 
Patrons of Husbandry.. .125 
Peristrophe.126 
Petroleum for Priming.. 129 
Play and Profit in my 
Garden. ....126 
Posts, Preserving.127 
Poultry Book..127 
Prairie, Breaking.127 
Primula Japonica...128 
Replies, Delay in.127 
Roofing, Asbestos.126 
Roses,Tnsects on.12S 
Strawberries.128 
Soap and Glue Refuse.. .128 
Tallow Scraps.127 
Transactions of Mass. 
Hort. Society.126 
Wheat, Harrowing.128 
Wheat, Plaster upon... 127 
Oranges from Seed.—Some time ago we 
stated, in reply to a correspondent, that oranges from 
the seed would not be precisely like the parent fruit from 
which the seed was taken. Several correspondents in 
Florida wrote that this was a mistake, and that the fruit 
was reproduced with exactness. We now find our posi¬ 
tion sustained by the Florida Agriculturist. While seeds 
from the sweet orange will produce trees hearing sweet 
fruit, they will differ in other qualities, including pro¬ 
ductiveness, and the only sure way of perpetuating a 
variety and preserving every one of its qualities and pe¬ 
culiarities unchanged is by budding or grafting. 
Bogarilus Bone-WIIll.—“Englishman,” 
Lynchburg, Va. The Bogardus bone-mill, to which we 
have before referred as the best bone-mill, may be pro¬ 
cured of A. Bogardus & Co., Center street, New York. 
Calendar for April, 
c 
1 
Boston.NEng- 
land, N. York 
State, Michi¬ 
gan , Wiscon¬ 
sin, Iowa , and 
Oregon. 
N. Y. City. Cl., 
Philadelphia, 
New Jersey. 
Penn.. Ohio. 
Indiana, and 
Illinois. 
Washington, 
Mary land, 
Virginia .Ken¬ 
tucky, Missou¬ 
ri, and Cali¬ 
fornia. 
O' 
§ 
O’ 
$ 
£ 
o 
£ 
£ 
£ 
$2 
s 
CO 
£ 
05 
£ 
£ 
S 
H 
.M 
ir 
.M 
II. 
M. 
ii 
.M 
TT 
.M 
n. 
M. 
T 
.M 
I 
.M 
n. 
M. 
1 
w 
5 
43 
6 
20 
0 
14 
5 
45 
6 
24 
6 
13 
5 
40 
6 
93 
0 
13 
2 
T 
5 
42 
6 
28 
7 
15 
5 
44 
6 
9.0 
7 
13 
5 
45 
6 
24 
7 
12 
3 
E 
:> 
40 
6 
29 
8 
16 
5 
42 
6 
27 
8 
13 
5 
43 
6 
25 
8 
10 
4 
s 
5 
3 s ! 
6 
30 
9 
20 
5 
40 
6 
98 
9 
16 
5 
41 
6 
26 
9 
12 
5 
D 
36 
6 
81 
10 
23 
5 
38 
6 
29 
10 
18 
5 
40 
6 
9,7 
10 
13 
6 
M 
5 
34 
6 
82 
11 
31 
5 
30 
0 
30 
11 
23 
5 
88 
6 
28 
11 
21 
7 
T 
5 
32 
6 
33 
mo 
I’ll 
5 
31 
6 
31 
morn 
36 
6 
29 
morn 
8 
NV 
5 
31 
6 
34 
0 
28 
5 
83 
6 
82 
0 
31 
5 
85 
6 
30 
0 
24 
9 
T 
5 
29 
6 
35 
1 
35 
5 
31 
6 
33 
1 
9.0 
5 
3 
6 
31 
1 
21 
in 
E 
5 
27 
0 
30 
2 
27 
5 
29 
6 
34 
2 
20 
5 
31 
6 
32 
2 
13 
11 
S 
5 
26 
6 
37 
3 
5 
5 
28 
6 
3 
2 
59 
5 
80 
6 
33 
2 
54 
12 
s 
5 
21 
6 
38 
3 
38 
5 
20 
6 
30 
3 
31 
5 
28 
6 
34 
3 
30 
13 
M 
5 
23 
6 
40 
4 
7 
5 
25 
6 
37 
4 
5 
5 
«; 
6 
35 
4 
2 
14 
T 
5 
21 
6 
41 
4 
33 
5 
24 
6 
38 
4 
31 
5 
26 
6 
36 
4 
30 
15 
w 
5 
19 
6 
42 
sets 
5 
22 
6 
39 
set 
5 
24 
6 
37 
sets 
1G 
T 
5 
18 
6 
43 
< 
17 
5 
21 
6 
40 
7 
14 
5 
23 
0 
38 
7 
11 
17 
F 
5 
16 
6 
44 
8 
25 
5 
19 
6 
41 
8 
2! 
5 
22 
6 
39 
8 
17 
18 
S 
5 
14 
6 
45 
9 
45 
5 
17 
(5 
42 
9 
89 
5 
20 
6 
40 
0 
34 
19 
5 
13 
6 
47 
11 
2 
5 
16 
6 
44 
10 
56 
5 
19 
6 
41 
10 
49 
50 
M 
5 
11 
6 
48 
morn 
5 
14 
fi 
45 
morn 
7 
17 
6 
42 
11 
56 
21 
T 
5 
10 
0 
49 
0 
11 
5 
13 
6 
40 
0 
4 
5 
16 
6 
43 
morn 
22 
w 
5 
8 
G 
fill 
1 
7 
5 
11 
0 
17 
1 
0 
5 
14 
6 
44 
0 
53 
28 
T 
;> 
6 
6 
51 
1 
50 
5 
10 
0 
48 
1 
44 
5 
13 
6 
45 
1 
38 
21 
F 
5 
5 
6 
52 
2 
27 
5 
9 
6 
49 
2 
22 
5 
12 
6 
46 
2 
16 
25 
s 
5 
8 
G 
58 
2 
00 
5 
7 
6 
50 
2 
51 
5 
10 
6 
46 
2 
47 
20 
S 
:> 
2 
6 
54 
3 
10 
5 
6 
6 
51 
H 
16 
5 
9 
6 
47 
8 
13 
27 
M 
5 
1 
6 
55 
3 
40 
5 
5 
6 
52 
3 
88 
5 
8 
6 
48 
3 
30 
28 
1’ 
4 
59 
6 
50 
3 
57 
5 
8 
6 
58 
3 
56 
5 
6 
{) 
49 
3 
56 
29 
W 
4 
58 
6 
58 
4 
10 
5 
2 
0 
54 
4 
16 
5 
5 6 
50 
4 
17 
30 
T 
4 
56 
6 
59 
4 
35 
5 
0 
6 
55 
4 
37 
5 
3 
6 
51 
4 
39 
PHASES OF THE MOOR. 
MOON. 
BOSTON. 
N. YORK. IWASH’N. 
cha’ston 
CHICAGO. 
I). 
II. M. 
K. M. II. M. 
II. M. 
H. M. 
Full M’n 
1 
6 35 ev. 
6 23 ev. 6 11 ev. 
5 59 ev. 
5 29 ev. 
3d Quart. 
9 
5 36 ev. 
5 24 ev. 5 12 ev. 
5 0 ev. 
4 30 ev. 
New M’n 
16 
9 8 m. 
8 56 m. 1 8 41 m. 
8 32 m. 
8 2 m. 
1st Quart 
23 
7 19 Ill. 
7 7 m. | 6 55 m. 
6 43 m. 
6 13 m. 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
NEW YORK, APRIL, 1874. 
We have had a remarkably mild winter, and the 
indications now are that we shall have an early 
spring. Winter wheat, on our own farm, and we be¬ 
lieve it is so generally, never looked better. It is, 
of course, still liable to many drawbacks, but on 
the whole there is a good prospect of an abundant 
wheat harvest. We hope such will prove to be the 
case. The country needs a big wheat crop and 
liberal prices. We hope for both the present year. 
There is a cheerful prospect for all good farmers. 
We have had gloomy times. It has required strong 
faith to keep on improving the land, paying high 
wages, and getting low prices. But those who 
have now got their land dry, clean, and rich are in 
a condition to reap the reward of their faith and 
practice. This is the great lesson taught by all 
agricultural history and experience. Do the work 
as cheaply and economically as possible, but do it, 
and do it thoroughly. Slip-shod farming ; resorting 
to temporary expedients ; checking weeds, instead 
of killing them ; sowing when there is no reason¬ 
able prospect of getting a good crop, and doing 
this year after year is about the meanest business 
an intelligent man can engage in. Farming is a 
pleasant, profitable, honorable, and eminently use¬ 
ful occupation—but it must be good farming. 
Poor farming, with no efforts to improve the land 
and the stock is forlorn drudgery. 
Farming is essentially slow. The husbandman 
waiteth patiently. He must look ahead. He lays 
plans and does work for the future. And the better 
h.e plans and the more he works and the farther he 
looks ahead, the more pleasure will he have day by 
day and the greater will be his ultimate profit. 
Hints alto nt Work. 
Happy is the farmer who has got everything 
ready for the active labors of the coming season. 
But no matter how thoroughly he is prepared there 
will always be a plenty to do. 
Work makes work.— Something will break and has 
to be mended. Something will be lost and has to 
be found. Tools are scattered here and there and 
must be put in their places. 
System and Order are absolutely essential to suc¬ 
cess in farming. But work is no less essential. 
Whatever accomplishes the most work at the least 
cost is the best system. 
“ Come Boys," must be the motto of the farmer 
who employs much labor. He must be with his 
men. But unless he is a remarkably vigorous and 
healthy man he ought not to try to do as much 
work as his men and superintend his farm besides.. 
Work occasionally, and put new vigor into the men.. 
Show them how to do the work to the best ad¬ 
vantage. Plan, direct, be quick to see the weak, 
spot and prompt to lend a helping hand. 
Steady Work like plowing will almost do itself. 
It is the odd jobs that require brains. You must 
do the thinking. 
A good Boy will often do as much work as a man. 
But you must know how to treat him in order to 
make him useful. Give him the best tools, the 
best plow, the steadiest team and the newest 
harness. If he breaks anything do not scold, but 
help him to repair damages and encourage him to 
do better. Above all do not let the men impose on 
him. If you breakfast early, a growing boy that is 
at work in the field should have a lunch at half- 
past nine or ten o’clock. No one can work long 
without eating, especially a growing hoy. 
Rainy Bays are usually numerous this month. 
But you will find work enough that needs doing in 
the cellar or in the sheds or barns. 
A Cheap Memorandum Book in which you can 
note down work to he done, is of great advantage— 
provided you use it. 
Work to he done may be classified under three- 
heads. First, Work for rainy days ; Second, Work 
for fair days when the ground is too wet to plow 
Third, Regular farm work when the weather and 
land arc both dry. 
Under Rainy Bays would come such work as 
repairs, oiling harness, sorting potatoes, and cut¬ 
ting them for seed; mixing ashes, plaster, and 
hen droppings; whitewashing; cleaning and oiling 
implements and machines with petroleum, both 
wood-work and iron; grinding 6pades, hoes, axes,, 
etc.; cutting up hay, and a dozen other things that 
will readily occur. 
Under When the Ground is Wet comes underdrain¬ 
ing; cleaning out ditches, letting off surface 
water; repairing fences and gates; piling, turning, 
or spreading manure ; washing fruit-trees with lye 
or carbolic soap; scraping up the mud and scat¬ 
tered manure in the barn-yard; blasting large 
stones, etc., etc. The morning after the next heavy 
rain, fill up the list yourself. You will find it 
very useful. 
Under Regular Work include the general field’ 
work of the farm, such as plowing, harrowing, cul¬ 
tivating, rolling, drilling, picking off stones, haul¬ 
ing manure, etc., etc. Go into details. Make 
estimates of how long the work will take, and see 
that you have everything ready for emergencies. 
Solving Clover on winter wheat is usually done- 
before the frost is fairly out of the ground. If de¬ 
layed till the land is dry, harrow the wheat with a 
light harrow before sowing the clover and then 
harrow or roll afterwards. Six quarts of clover and 
four of timothy per acre is none too much seed- 
If possible select a still day for sowing. See that 
there is no space left unsown. 
Get Crops in Early , but not before the land is in- 
good working condition. 
Spring Wheat is usually the first crop sown. 
Barley can not he sown too early, provided the 
land is in the proper condition. It should be made 
as fine and mellow as possible. Sow from li to 2i 
bushels per acre. Barley and spring wheat are both 
good crops with which to sow clover and grass seed. 
Make the land as fine as possible by repeated 
harrowings before sowing, and then roll after the 
grass seed is sown. 
Oats or Peas do better on a recently inverted sod 
than barley. But if the sod is old and tough it is 
better to plant it to corn. 
Potatoes require dry land. A rich, clover sod is 
excellent. But if the land is rich enough potatoes 
can be successfully grown after any crop. If 
