202 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
[June, 
Contents for June, 1874. 
A Primitive Mill. Illustrated . .201 
Bee Notes—Advice to Beginners.210 
Boys and Girls’ Columns—Street Toy, The Magic 
Tape—He has a Strong Passion—Beautiful Charity 
—Games for Picnics—Old Fireplaces—Neat Puzzle 
—Aunt Sue’s Puzzle-Box—Origin of an English 
Word—Goats—An Apology—Sunrise.4 lllustra 
Horn .227, 228 
Butter, Fraudulent.217 
Corn-Ears, Unloading.-.3 Illustrations. .216 
Corn-Marker... Illustrated. .219 
Ducks, Raising. 218 
Ducks, Some Wild.4 Illustrations. 213 
Evergreens from Seed.222 
Farm-House, a Convenient.3 Illustrations. .217 
Farm Work for June. 202 
Feed, Consumption of. 217 
Fence, a Portable. Illustrated ..217 
Flower Garden and Lawn in June.204 
Fruit Garden in June.203 
Fruit Prospects, Western. 209 
Greenhouse and Window Plants in June....204 
Guano and Woolen Waste..218 
Harrow, a New. . Illustrated. .217 
Hens, How to Manage Sitting. 219 
Hook for Sideboards. Illustrated ..218 
Household Department for June—Farm Bath-Houses 
—Home Topics—Wet Boots—Wants to Suit George 
—Washing Milk Dishes—Tea-Cakes—Baked Apple- 
Market Reports.. 
Advice, No More.205 
Axles, Iron or Wood.208 
Ayrsliires for Beef.208 
Baling Hay. 207, 208 
“ Beauti fa! Moral but Bad 
Botany”.209 
Best Sheep.208 
Big Head .207 
Breast-strap or Collar... .208 
Butchers’ Offal..208 
Cabbage Worms.205 
Calf, How to Secure a. ..209 
Catalogues Received.... 209 
Chicken Cholera... .207, 208 
Clematis from Seed.209 
Contracted Hoof.207 
Cornstalks, Curing.209 
Cotswold or Leicester.. .207 
Diarrhea in Calves.207 
Dipping for Seal).207 
Ditching Machine.209 
Drill, Planet.206 
Ear-Mars Metallic.208 
Feed Barr.nv.208 
Foot-rot.207 
Fruit House. 208 
Fruit. Prospects, Western.209 
Fumigating Meat House.20S 
Galloway Cattle. 207 
Gardener’s Monthly.206 
Gazetteer of the U. S_205 
Grade Jerseys.. .. 207 
Guano, Peruvian. .209 
Hens, Not laying... 209 
Hog Cholera.207 
Hogs, Poland-China.206 
Homesteads.206 
Horse Power .208 
Kansas, Population and 
Industries of..209 
Lawn Mower, Excelsior.206 
Looseness. Remedy for..205 
Male and Heifer Calves. .207 
Meal, Wet or Dry.208 
Merino Sheep..208 
Mr. Orange Judd.205 
Mole Plow.208 
Most Profitable Stock...207 
Mule Breeding. . .207 
New Timber Act.208 
Old Hav.208 
Paris Green.209 
Patent Butter Firkin... 208 
Pea, Japan.205 
Pigs and Pork.207 
Potatoes, New and Old. .209 
Potatoes, Productions of.20G 
Poultry Houses, Under¬ 
ground.206 
Poultry, Preparing for 
Market.204 
Poultry Raising.207 
Roof for Cellar.208 
Sale of Horse Stock.207 
Salt, How to Feed.209 
Sawdust as a Mulch ... .205 
Scales, Farm.206 
Scotch Plows..208 
Selecting Eggs.208 
Sheep for Health.207 
Shipping Eggs.208 
Shoes, Cable Screw Wire.205 
Spelt.206 
Steamer for Feed.208 
Stones. To Get Rid of_208 
Straw-Saving Thresher. .208 
Sundry Humbugs.205 
Tar-Paper for Poultry 
nouse.'.208 
Three-Horse Clevis.208 
Three Horses Abreast.. .207 
Timber Sycamore.206 
Tomatoes Dying.. 209 
Turnips, Late Crop.209 
Turpentine and Crows...207 
Vick’s Premiums.2Q5 
Wells.208 
Wool-Bearing Goats.207 
Yearling Jersey Bull.207 
Young and Elliott_206 
Calendar for June. 
Ogden Farm Papers,No.52—Am. Jersey Cattle Club and 
its Prizes—Jersey and Alderney—Edward Burnett’s 
Farm—E. F. Bowditch’s Farm—Preventing Cows 
from Kicking—Green Clover for Soiling.210, 212 
Orchard and Nursery in June. 203 
Plants—Improved Mignonette.222 
Plants—Succulents as Decorative.3 Illustrations .. 221 
Plants—Primula Japonica. Illustrated .. 224 
Plows, Swivel... Illustrated. . 212 
Poultry Fanning. Illustrated. . 216 
■Root. Pulpers. Illustrated. .IIS 
Skunks, How to Kill .219 
Steam on the Farm.2 Illustrations . .212 
Stocks for Peach-Trees.222 
Three Crops in One Year.224 
Tiles, Making Drain.2 Illustrations . .215 
Timber Culture Act. .219 
Trap for Cut-Worms. Illustrated . .223 
Walks and Talks on the Farm, No. 126—Early Lambs 
—Calves—Manure—Sheep—Pigs.214, 215 
West, When and How to Go. 215 
Wheat Culture, Future Prospects of.219 
INDEX TO “BASKET.” OK SHORTER ARTICLES. 
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AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
NEW YORK, JUNE, 1874. 
Every spring furnishes renewed evidence of the 
advantage of underdraining, and also, on many 
soils, of fall plowing. On our own farm we were 
able to sow oats and peas April 21st on sod plowed 
this spring. Barley we sowed April 25th. This is 
late sowing, but it is the best we could do, and if 
the laud had not been underdrained it could not 
have been plowed and sowed for a week or ten 
days later. This often makes the difference between 
a good and a poor crop. We have had an unusually 
cold and backward spring. Winter wheat was 
much injured by freezing weather and cold winds 
in March and April. On wet land it has been badly 
winter-killed—or, more correctly, spring-killed. 
On many farms in our own vicinity not a furrow was 
plowed until the first of May. Farmers who can 
raise r good crops this year will probably have no 
reason to regret the time and money they have 
spent in draining, cleaning, and enriching their 
farms or in improving their stock. 
We hope and believe that we shall see no more 
25-cent corn for some years. We shall hear little 
about “ over production.” The railroad magnates 
will learn that farmers will not long continue to 
raise crops and sell them at a loss. And farmers 
will learn that it is better to sell their hay and 
grain in the form of beef, pork, mutton, cheese, 
butter, and wool than to transport it long distances 
to market in the raw state. Clean land, larger 
crops per acre, better breeds of stock, and more 
liberal feeding are the fundamental planks in the 
American Agriculturist's platform. Here we have 
stood for years and here we now stand. We wish 
every farmer in the United States to join our party. 
Mints altotit Work. 
The Season is Late , and much land intended for 
spring grains has not been sown. 
Corn may still be Planted— The small, early, 
northern varieties are the best for late planting. 
Put in all the Crops you can take good care of. 
They are likely to be wanted. 
Corn Planted by Hand may be soaked in warm, 
soft water for twenty-four to thirty-six hours. If 
the land is moist, mellow, and warm, it will soon 
germinate and grow rapidly. 
Pour the Soaked Corn and water on to a sieve, and 
after the water has drained off spread it out to dry 
for an hour or two, and then dust it over with plas¬ 
ter and stir it with the hand until every kernel is 
coated with plaster. This will not only make it 
easier to separate in dropping, but it will help the 
growth of the young plants. We have dropped 
soaked corn with a drill, but it is, of course, neces¬ 
sary to calculate for the increased size of the corn, 
and also to see that there is no clogging or crushing 
of the grain. 
Corn f&r. Fodder may be sown any time this 
month. You must have rich, dry, clean, and mel¬ 
low land. If it can be avoided, never sow broad¬ 
cast. Drill or drop in rows 2)4 to 3 feet apart, so 
that you can use a horse hoe to clean and mellow 
the land. Use plenty of seed, say from six to eight 
kernels to each foot in the row. 
Beans are usually drilled or dropped in rows 2% 
feet apart. If dropped in hills a foot apart in the 
rows, put from four to six beans in each hill. This 
plan facilitates hoeing and pulling. If drilled in a 
continuous row use a little more seed, say eight or 
ten beans in a foot. Go over the field after the 
drill and see that all the beans are covered. 
The Depth of Planting depends very much on the 
kind of soil and on its condition. On light soil 
seed may be put in deeper than on heavy soil. At 
this season it is necessary to plant deep enough to 
reach the moist earth, say from one to three inches 
deep. 
Harrowing is rarely done as thoroughly as it 
should be. It is very important to make a fine, 
mellow seed-bed. 
Rolling is also too much neglected. Roll and 
then harrow and then roll again until you have 
four or five inches of fine surface soil. Such a soil 
will attract and retain moisture. 
Swedes Turnips or Ruta-bagas should be sown 
about the middle of the month or before. The soil 
should be made as fine and mellow as possible. 
Drill in rows feet apart, using two to three 
pounds of seed per acre. The object of such thick 
seeding is to give some of the plants a chance to 
get ahead of the so-called turnip-fly or beetle. If 
possible, drill in with the seed two or three hun¬ 
dred pounds of superphosphate per acre, mixed 
with three or four times its bulk of sifted coal 
ashes. Thin out the plants when in the rough leaf 
to a foot apart in the rows. Do not neglect to roll 
the land immediately after sowing. 
Mangel- Wurzel or Beets should now be ready to 
hoe. Thin out to fifteen inches apart. If it is 
necessary to transplant, be careful to dig up the 
plants with the hoe, and not pull them up out of 
the hard earth and thus strip off the soil and fine 
roots. In hoeing, do not cut too deep. In hoeing 
turnips, it will not hurt the plants to take away 
nearly all the soil from their roots ; but this is not 
the case with mangels. The less the soil around 
the roots of the young plants is disturbed the 
better Cultivate every week or ten days. You 
should have a narrow tooth horse hoe, so as not to 
throw the earth on to the young plants. 
Fight the Weeds. —Fight them as you would fight 
a fire. Do not let them get beyond your control. 
Kill them while in the seed-leaf. On loose, mellow 
soil, a fine harrow, if used just as the weeds are 
breaking through the soil, will kill them by the 
million ; but if delayed a few days in warm, grow¬ 
ing weather it will have comparatively little effect. 
Start the Cultivator the moment you can see the 
rows of corn, or potatoes, or mangels. The out¬ 
side teeth of the cultivator should be bright, sharp, 
and as thin as possible consistent with the neces¬ 
sary strength, and they should be set so as to 
throw the earth towards the center of the row. 
With a good cultivator the soil may be stirred 
within an inch of the plants, and leave little neces¬ 
sity for hand hoeing. 
Summer Fallows must not be neglected. In break- 
ing up sod land use three horses abreast, and 
turn over a good furrow. Then roll, and afterwards 
