1874.] 
AMERICAN AGRICULTURIST. 
363 
as they did during the long warm days of August 
and September. 
Orchard and Nursery. 
Fruit.— All late sorts should be harvested before 
sharp frosts. Never shake good fruit from the 
trees, but pick carefully by hand, to avoid bruises 
and consequent decay. 
Picking .—In packing take care not to injure the 
fruit, and let it be well assorted ; the difference in 
price between properly assorted fruit, and that 
packed as it comes from the tree, will repay a good 
deal of care in this respect. When good prices 
can be had, it is better to sell at once. Keep the 
temperature of the fruit cellar as low as possible 
without freezing. 
Cider .—Do not mix that made from the summer 
apples, with that from the late fruit, unless for 
making vinegar. Cider made from the late fall and 
winter apples, is best for home use. The more 
care used in sorting the fruit, and the more gradual 
the fermentation, the better the quality will be. 
Planting .—Where fall planting is done, set the 
trees at once, so that they will become well estab¬ 
lished before cold weather. Land for planting trees 
next spring should be plowed in the fall. 
Labels .—Replace old and defaced labels with new, 
and at the same time see that a plan is made with 
the name and place of each tree. 
Nursery Trees should be looked after, and if they 
need cutting back or trimming, do it at once. 
Budded Trees will need looking after, and the 
tyings loosened if too tight. 
Pomace .—If it is desirable to separate seeds for 
raising stocks, small quantities may be washed out 
by means of a sieve, but where much is needed, a 
stream of water and a kind of cradle are required. 
Peach Stones should be buried in boxes and left 
over winter. If considerable quantities are planted, 
the best way is to sow thickly on the ground, and 
cover with earth, they will crack during winter and 
are to be sifted out in the spring and planted. 
Fruit harden. 
Grapes .—Allow them to become thoroughly ripe 
before gathering, whether fortable use orforwine ; 
when ripe the stems to the bunches lose their stiff¬ 
ness, and hang directly down. 
Strawberries may be set out early this month from 
rooted runners. Mulch old beds with leaves, cut 
straw, or hay. 
Blackberries and Raspberries. — If the fruiting 
canes were not cut last month, do it at once, and 
tie up the new wood to stakes or trellises. If new 
plants are set this fall, cut back to within 3 or 4 
inches of the ground. Set raspberries 4 to 6 feet 
apart, and blackberries 6 to 8 feet. 
Currants and Gooseberries .—As soon as the leaves 
have fallen, prune thoroughly ; cut out such old 
wood as is not needed, and make an open bush. 
The cuttings may be planted in rows 18 inches to 2 
feet apart, and the cuttings 6 inches in the rows. 
Press the soil firmly around the lower ends of the 
cuttings. In two years these plants will fruit. 
Kitchen Garden. 
Cabbages .—Prepare cold-frames for wintering the 
young plants grown from seed the last month. 
The frames should be a foot high at the back, and 
8 inches in the front, and the width of the length 
of a common sash, viz., 6 feet. Set out the plants 
2 to 3 inches apart each way, putting them down 
to the leaves ; cover in freezing weather, but not 
before, as the object is to keep them dormant. 
Cauliflowers .—Treat in the same way as cabbages. 
Celery .—Finish earthing up, banking the earth 
well up to the stalks, nearly to the top of the 
leaves. In cold localities it may be stored in 
trenches the latter part of the month. 
Lettuce .—Some of the hardy varieties will winter 
over in the open ground, if covered with leaves or 
litter. For early spring use the plants should be 
set in the cola-irame the same as cabbages. 
Rhubarb .—Divide now if new beds are wanted, 
as the plants start so early in the spring, that they 
can not then be handled so easily. Give a heavy 
dressing of good stable manure to old or new beds. 
Spinach .—Sow for spring crop early this month. 
Thin out the late fall crop, and on the approach of 
freezing weather, give a thin covering of marsh hay. 
Squashes .—Cut on the approach of frost, and al¬ 
low them to lay two or three days in the sun, cov¬ 
ering with the vines at night. In handling take 
care not to bruise or break off the stems, as this 
will often produce decay. Store in r. dry place, 
where there is no danger of frost. 
Sweet Potatoes .—After the first frost has wilted the 
vines, dig and allow to remain in the sun until dry. 
Those wanted for winter should be packed in bar¬ 
rels with cut straw, or dry leaves, and stored in a 
place where the temperature is not below 60°. 
Root Crops .—Have the root cellars, bins, barrels, 
etc., ready for storing as soon as the weather makes 
it necessary to hurry up the work. Pits in the open 
ground answer for storing large quantities; the pits 
should be 2i to 3 feet deep, 3 feet wide, and as long 
as needed. Between every two feet of roots, a 
space of six inches of earth should be left, as this 
will allow the section to be taken out easily with¬ 
out exposing the rest. Fill the sections with roots 
to the top of the ground, cover with litter, and on 
the approach of cold weather, cover with earth, 
giving slant enough to allow the rain to run off. 
Of course such pits can only be made iu dry ground 
where water will not settle during the winter. 
Plowing and Draining may be done now, as ground 
thus treated in the fall, will be ready to work some 
days earlier in the spring. 
Manure .—Save everything that can be converted 
into manure, and collect leaves, leaf-mold, and 
whatever other absorbents can be had easily. Cart 
to the field when the teams can be spared, and 
place in piles where needed. 
Flower Garden and Lawn. 
If any improvements are designed in the grounds 
around the house, new walks or drives to be 
laid out, now is a favorable time to make them, 
and much better than in spring when the rush and 
hurry of work is on. If the ground does not lie so 
that there is a natural drainage, lay underdrains. 
House Plants .—Remove to the house at once such 
plants as it is desirable to save for another season. 
Cut back both root and branch, and keep in the 
shade for a few days, until well established. Make 
cuttings of all such as it is desirable to propagate. 
Cannas .—Take up before the frost has killed the 
foliage, otherwise the roots are apt to rot. 
Chrysanthemums .—After the plants have formed 
good buds, pot for fall and winter blooming. Those 
left out ought to have stakes to support them. 
Perennials .—Where they have been left for three 
or four years in the same bed, they should be taken 
up, divided, and reset; they produce enough better 
flowers to pay for this extra trouble. 
Bulbs .—All hardy bulbs, such as tulips, hyacinths, 
jonquils, crocuses, etc., ought to be put into the 
ground by the middle of the month if possible. 
Tender bulbs, like gladioluses, tiger-flowers, etc., 
should be taken up after frost, dried off, and stored 
in a cool, dry place, where they will not freeze. 
Dahlias .—After the frost has killed the foliage, 
dig the roots on a warm sunny day, taking care not 
to break them. As soon as dry, label, and store in 
a dry cellar. 
Protection .—Collect all materials needed for cov¬ 
ering half-hardy shrubs and plants. Red cedar, or 
other evergreen boughs, marsh hay, and leaves, are 
all useful. Do not cover too early, as the plants 
may start if protected too soon. Not only are tender 
plants, but hardy sorts, henefitted by covering. 
Greenhouse and Window Plants. 
Even though frost has not made its appearance, 
it is better to have all tender plants under cover, 
than to expose them to the cool nigh is. Plants set 
out during the summer in pots or tubs, 6hould be 
taken in, and either repotted, or the top soil re¬ 
moved, and replaced by rich compost. 
Repairs should all be finished by this time, and 
everything put in proper order to receive the plants. 
See that all insects are destroyed within the house, 
and all the plants taken into the house, first care¬ 
fully examined and freed from all vermin. 
Commercial Matters—Market Prices. 
The following condensed, comprehensive tables, care¬ 
fully prepared specially for the American Agriculturist , 
from our daily record during the year, show at a glance 
the transactions for the month ending Sept. 14th, 1874, 
and for the corresponding month last year: 
1 . 
TRANSACTIONS AT 'MR NICW YORK MARKETS. 
Receipts. Flour. I neat. Corn 
29 d’s tins m’tli316,000 3,671,000 1,967,000 
28 d’s last m’tli252,0l)0 2,914,000 5,763,000 
Sai.ks. Flour. Wheat, (lorn. 
Rye. Harley. Oats. 
54,000 28,700 758,00® 
41,000 3,200 397,000 
Hye. Barley. Oats. 
29 d’s this m’r.li848,000 5,143,000 4,716,000 26,000 -1 2 304 000 
28 d’s last m’tli 269,000 3,902,000 6,125,000 27,000 - 879,00® 
a. Comparison with same period at this lime last. year. 
Rkoripts. Flour. Wheat. Corn. Rye. Bavin / Oats. 
29days 1874...316,000 3,671,000 1,967,000 54,000 28,700 758,00® 
27 days 1873...271,000 2,133,000 4,538,000 97,000 8,500 965,0(1® 
Sacks, Flour. Wheat. Corn. Hue. Harley. Oats. 
29 days 1874...348,000 5,143,000 4,716,000 26.U00 -1 2,304,000 
27 days 1873. .468,000 2,947,000 4,802,000 229,000 7,000 2,047,000 
3. 
Sept. 8, 
Aug.10, 
•July 6, 
June 8, 
Mav 11, 
A m il 6, 
Mar. 9, 
Feb. 9, 
•Tan. 12, 
Dec. 10, 
Stock of gr 
Wheat. 
hush. 
1874.. 1.013.581 
1874.. 1.853.763 
1874.. 794,083 
1874.. 383,169 
1874.. 325,331 
1871.. 1,036,093 
1874.. 1.326.813 
1874.. 1.070.619 
1874.. 1,235,418 
1873.. 1,553,313 
4. Exports from New York , Jan. 1 to Sept. 10. 
Flour. Wheal. Corn. Rye. Barley. Oats. Peas. 
Obis. bush. bush. bush. bush. hush. hush. 
1874.. 1.529.415 28,492,895 15,829,600 533,050 3,320 88,806 272,105 
1873.. 966,067 12,166,224 9,813,745 551,093 19,226 26,591 91,27® 
5. Receipts at head of tide-xoater at Albany each season 
to Aug. 3!s«. 
Flour. Wheat. Corn. Rye. Harlex/. Oats. 
bbls. bush. bush. bush. bush', bush. 
1874 . 53,000 12,841.000 12,492,700 189,800 74,100 1 224 20® 
1873. 66,90(4 8.901,100 8,419,800 617,400 27,000 2,105,00® 
1S72 . 66,000 3,500,500 16,013,600 319,400 401,500 4,369,50® 
Gold has been up to 110,hi and down to 109%—closing 
Sept. 12th at 109% as against 109% on August 12th_ 
The movement in domestic produce, of nearly all kinds, 
has been on an extensive scale. The receipts of Flonr 
and Wlieat, have been liberal; and, in view of the very fa¬ 
vorable results of the harvest in most countries, holders 
have been very urgent in offering supplies for sale at 
much lower prices, leading an active trade, in good part 
for export, the iow rates on ocean freights favoring ship¬ 
pers. Corn and Oats, on the contrary, have been offere4 
quite moderately, and have been in very good demand to¬ 
ward the close at much stronger rates. The dealings in 
Corn have been largely on speculative account, and the 
market here, as well as in the interior, and at Liverpool, 
has been measurably under speculative control. Hence, 
the advance has been somewhat arbitrary. The old crop 
of Oats had been almost exhausted before the new crop 
began to reach the market, and as the wants of the job¬ 
bing trade were quite pressing, sellers of the new crop 
were enabled to realize better prices. The transactions 
in grain, especially in Corn and Oats, have been largely 
in stock for forward delivery. Rye has been in limited 
request at our quotations. Barley lias been quite nomi¬ 
nal in price, no business having been reported thus fac 
this season. Barley Malt has been in moderate request, 
but at easier figures. ..Provisions have been fairly ac¬ 
tive, but quoted 1 ewer and unsettled, closing more steadi¬ 
ly— Wool has been in brisk demand, mainly on manu¬ 
facturing account, closing strong and buoyant in price. 
...Cotton aas been freely dealt in. mostly for forward 
delivery, but at easier prices. The.later crop reports, 
having been less favorable, tended to strengthen tt-.t 
views of holders_Tobacco has been unusually active, 
j and much firmer ; the demand having been largely spec¬ 
ulative... Hay and Straw have been quoted lower on a 
! moderate business... .Seeds have been ir, rU’.r .nng re¬ 
quest., but closed weaker in price... .Hops nave neen held 
1 with more firmness, on. however, a restricted business 
We now quote this year’s growth in our comparative ’s- 
ble of prices. The crop of domestic now saved is said 
to be the finest in quality since that cl Jbri7. Brewers, it 
! is tho'yeat, will not be long finding out that the hops are 
much richer and heavier than usual, ar.cl that a mr.;l: :ess 
] quantity wiil oe required to produce the saiqe result. As 
1 to Lie extent of the yield, the prevailing opinion is that 
j we have grown about the same quantity as iast. year, lu 
i the interior, some 3,000 bales 'iare been bought by deat- 
1 ers on speculation, at an average price of 40c. per lb. 
