8 1 
in the dryer portions of the dung - . Where no soil was provided the 
larvae generally' pupated at the bottom of the breeding cage. 
The Puparium or Pupa. Colour bright terra cotta red. 
changing to dark chestnut-brown a few days before the emergence of 
the fly. Form barrel-shaped, slightly narrowed in front, broadly 
rounded behind. Eleven segments only are visible, the anterior oik 
bearing the minute bilateral thoracic stigmata of the larva; posterior 
segment with two large disc-like stigmata ; all the segments with fine 
transverse striae, the striae, under the microscope, producing a slight 
irridescence ; dorsally the articulations have a double series of minute 
papillae, one series being more minute than the other; the posterior 
segment has also a median longitudinal series which terminates 
between the stigmata; ventrallv the papillae are replat ed by a regular 
series of fine ridges, forming a distinct and relatively broadband; the 
ast segment also bears a somewhat lunula* or angular shaped fatd 
m ° re °' 1(SS roun ded papillae. This stage lasted from q to 13 days. 
Length, 5 to 5-50 mm. 
comparatively dry faeces produced m 
en~e°o P fT T OF ™ E NYMPH A before I 
SI ' mSeCt the CUtlcle ° f ‘he puparium darkens a 
transversely alOT^thTf ''rth' 0 ” 6 ^ k 1 "* 1 a ” d niedian lines iwd a 
% escapes Prior ,o d S®""* ’ ^ fa " s "* 1 
pushing its effete skin rfTi 1 ? nymph und ergoes its final ecdyt 
Puparium. On im Awards into the posterior end of t 
thick rudimentary wingTtf " , ai ^ ars as a sma11 dark-grey fly, wi 
m the mid costa, below Which are” t leaden r0lOl,r Hnd a decp n0t 
15 much larger and wid i S ° ng convoluted folds. The he; 
attenuated. Its subseauent J ^ 1,10 thorax » ^d the abdomen 
mto the following stages •- ° prnent ina >' he conveniently dividi 
an hour. Durino- Pe . r * 0d * vv hicli lasts for approximately ha 
whole of it s attenf ^ Pen ° d the insect devotes nearly tl 
If Placed in a g-lassTV 0 ^ CSCapc from its environmen 
ln 't, the fly i mrn „j U 6 witl1 a barrier of loose cotton wo 
through it, anc j t L • . la e y e ndeavours to effect a passag 
accomphshes with marvellous rapidit; 
