44 « 
It is necessary to be quite clear about this matter. The 
hypothesis respecting- the function of the polar bodies, and so-called 
residual corpuscle of the spermatozoa, as the means by which the 
opposite “sex-stuff” is got rid of from the ovum, and the 
spermatozoon, has for various reasons collapsed some years ago. In 
the first place, the polar bodies cannot be homologised in any way 
with the residual vesicle. In the second place, it has been clearly 
demonstrated that in the vast majority of animals and plants the 
sexual reproductive cells, ova, and spermatozoa are precisely 
equivalent so far as their nuclei are concerned. * Reduction as now 
understood in animals and plants is not sex differentiation, but a 
process which results simply in the halving of the number of 
chromosomes in those cells which are destined to conjugate. 
A great deal of confusion has been produced by Schaudinn’s 
inaccurate use of the term reduction, a term which in general biology 
has long had a limited and a definite meaning. In dealing with these 
matters it must, therefore, be clearly understood that by reduction 
chaudmn means sex differentiation, and that the term reduction in 
general biology does not mean sex differentiation, and stands for 
something quite different. 
the morphology and life cycle of trypanosoma 
GAMBIENSE 
6iZZ PanOSOma gamiiense (Dutt ° n) is a P arasi * associated with th 
Sickness T nng K “ EqUat ° nal ^ and known as Sleep,, 
the anTmals ““ * transfered simple inoculation into nearly al 
may ru“a v fr 7 Sed ““"“S' experiments. The infel 
inoculation “ ThuS the strai " “-d Liverpool fo, 
few days, the rat’s bW,H 5 ‘ mP ' y “““* within a P eriod ° f J 
dies from the effect 0 f the" S , ‘ eem ' ne ' Vlth P ara5i ‘es and the animal 
as in man the u c invasion - In other cases among the rats, 
— bJood rises and falls in a 
so P well d i y observations^upoi/yrfii V £ s . t , literature of this subject. The 
it clear tlwTu as to ren der it unintellipihi” h l* 16 S bove statements are based, being 
commnn h ( ! h l process he describes ff ®, why Sc haudinn did not himself make 
for the W th the red uction process as <£>V reduction, can have nothingm 
the id 't 1° years - It is equally and Studied in animals and P lan ' 5 
among animal^ 6 \ he P rocess he discussed^nd ,^ hy thls author did not point ont 
§ mals and plants by Balfour ant^Minof that erroneous ly supposed to exist 
