“ House-flies were also found breeding, in smaller numbers, in 
ashpits in which no heat had been engendered by fermentation. 
“ Both open and closed ashpits were infested, but on the whole 
the flies gave preference to the closed receptacles. On opening the 
doors of some of the covered ashpits, the flies often came away in 
hundreds, appearing like bees round a hive. Ashpits which had been 
previously treated with disinfectants were also infested. 
" In add ition to the foregoing, there were also other collections of 
material which afforded temporary breeding places. They are 
considered under the following heads: — 
1. Collections of fermenting vegetable refuse. 
2. Accumulations of manure at the wharves. 
“ 3. Bedding in poultry pens. 
i- Collections of straw mixed with other vegetable matter and 
euthcis, lying in open spaces in poultry yards, were found to contain 
enormous numbers of house-fly pupae (fig. 13). The materials had 
< \ ic ently fomented, and had also been lying exposed to the weather 
or a period of not less than eight weeks. 
* be j clr S e accumulation of stable manure lying at the wharf 
( arruthers Street) was swarming with fly larvae, and the flies 
ec also in laige numbers; so that it is quite evident that a 
er o the insects hatch before the manure is placed in the barges 
^Tr 1 ™ t0 countt T- Practically all the manure is badly 
shn. u 1 W , en 11 reaches the wharves, so that it is important that it 
should be Shipped with as little delay as possible. 
j on ^ .. ^ c °mmon practice of leaving 1 bedding ’ material (chiefly 
fern Y- m P ou,tr y pens (containing ducks, geese, &c.) until 
such mat 'Y t ? kCS Place ’ affords breeding places for house-flies, and 
such «ater,a] should be removed at much shorter intervals. 
refuse- — ^ * breeding places destroyed by speedy removal of 
^ a J ectlons °f stable manure removed at short intervals. 
“ 7 emptied at intervals of ;-io days. 
« j ; Be %' n Pineries. 
considered ns tr emptled at ,nter vals of about 14 days may be 
removals beino- tocYh'Y breedin S' Peaces, the period between the 
under very Un L 1 ^ ° l °' <ilC t0 com Pi ete its life cycle. Only 
circumstances, where, for instance, a large amount 
