5 11 
of fermenting materials are thrown into the receptacle immediately 
after it has been emptied, would it be possible for the insect to 
complete its metamorphosis in so short a period. In the majority of 
cases, therefore, ashpits emptied at such short intervals can only be 
considered as temporary breeding places. 
“2. Larvae of the house-fly occurred in large numbers in the 
receptacle used for holding stable manure in the Corporation Yard," 
Mill Lane. As the manure is removed from this place every week, it 
is impossible for the flies to complete their metamorphosis in it. 
“ 3. ‘ Bedding ’ in the ‘ piggeries ’ which had been in use for a 
few days was found infested with fly larvae. The material used as 
‘litter’ was wood chips. This refuse does not lie sufficiently long for 
the insect to complete its metamorphosis. 
“ The non-breeding places were : - 
“ 1. Middens containing excessively moist and non-fermented 
cow-dung. 
" 2. Patent ash bins. 
“ 3. Refuse in ashpits saturated with water. 
“4. Human excreta lying in courts and passages. 
“ 1. No trace of house-fly larvae or pupae was found in any of the 
middens containing cow manure exclusively. 1 he excessive amount 
of moisture present in this material was evidently unfavourable to 
the development of the larvae. But in all cases where horse manure 
was mixed with it, and fermentation had taken place, larvae were 
present. The admixture of straw with cow manure would produce 
similar results. 
“ 2. No house-flies were found breeding in the patent bins, which 
is due to the fact that they are emptied daily, or at intervals of a 
few days. 
“ 3. No house-flies were found breeding in excessively dry refuse, 
or refuse thoroughly saturated with water and reeking with inky black 
putrid matter. 
“ 4- Human faecal matter found lying in the courts and passages 
was not infected with fly larvae, and no house-flies were bred from 
such matter. But human excreta found in ashpits (several instances 
and stable middens (two cases) were found to be i nfested. _ 
^ is interesting to note^uTat the bedding material used at this place was 
sawdust. 
