5i« 
been treated with this substance, and the results might prove fatal 
if large quantities were eaten. 
“ j. The use of sun-blinds in all shops containing food which 
attracts flies would, in my opinion, largely reduce the number of flies 
in such places during hot weather. Small fruiterers' and confectioners’ 
shops, as a rule, are not shaded by sun-blinds, and in their absence 
flies literally swarm on the articles exposed for sale. 
“ 8. The screening of middensteads with fine wire gauze would, 
undoubtedly, prevent flies from gaining access to manure, &c, but 
it is very doubtful if this method would meet with any marked success. 
The gauze would rapidly oxidise, the framework supporting it would 
probably warp, and numbers of flies would be admitted whenever the 
receptacle was opened. Moreover, the erection of such a structure 
would prove a great inconvenience and a hindrance to the removal 
of the refuse. This, however, does not prejudice the possibility of 
erecting a good fly-proof screen in the future. 
“ Experiments with crude carbolic acid, cresylic acid, &c, are 
being conducted, and the results will be reported later. 
“ ha the introductory remarks on the house-fly, reference has been 
made to other flies which were found frequenting houses, or were bred 
from refuse and excreta during the course of investigation. I he 
following is a list of the insects, together with short notes on their 
habits and prevalence: — 
“ l - Calliphora erythrocephala. The ‘ Blow-fly.’ 
In some parts of Liverpool this fly is quite as abundant as the 
house-fly, and, like the latter, may, from its disgusting habit of 
feeding upon faecal matter, also act as a contributory agent in the 
spread of zymotic diseases. 
1 his fly feeds upon the faeces of man to a greater extent than 
the house-fly; moreover, it is also partial to fruits of various kinds, 
especially over-ripe plums and grapes and dried figs and dates, so that 
one can readily conceive how it would be possible for the flies to 
mechanically transmit the germs of disease from faecal matter to 
mt, and tlS a ^ ai fl e percentage is eaten uncooked, the transmission 
of infected faecal matter, if present, would be direct. 
he female insect lays its eggs in all kinds of raw and cooked 
men , t ie carcases of mammals, birds, fish, &c., and wherever such 
cmains were found in ashpit refuse, the larvae of this insect swarmed. 
