14 
THE CULTIVATOR; 
JaKV 
by no means prepared to go any farther than to offer 
a few ideas on the subject, for whieh I shall claim no 
other authority than that, which shall be accorded to 
them by the good sense of your readers. 
If then, for instance, it is required to breed a car¬ 
riage horse for the city market, I would in the first 
place advise the breeder to use great care in the selec¬ 
tion of the mare. It will not be enough even, that the 
animal possesses in herself the main characteristics 
desired in her progeny; it is necessary also that her 
whole family—dam, sire, brothers, sisters and all— 
shall possess them in their main features. She should 
be an animal, seven or eight, or nine years old, every 
way sound; should have a fine long arching neck, a 
sleek coat, a docile temper, short legs, heavy bones, 
body long and deep, rather compact than loose. I 
would not have her ribbed up too closely, for this is 
objectionable in either mare or hor&e, but a mare should 
be rather close than otherwise, because this is desira¬ 
ble in her foals; and if there is sufficient length and 
depth of carcass, there is no danger but the colt will 
be large enough, though the dam be quite well ribbed 
up. The mare should have close, good action, a prom¬ 
inent eye, a deep flank, large milk veins, and a thick 
mane and tail; and as I said before, these should be the 
general characteristics of the family from which she 
sprung. 
Having secured such a mare, or one similar, (which 
I can assure the breeder will be a work of patience and 
expense,) he should send her to a thorough bred horse 
—by all means to a thorough bred—one of the thor- 
oughest of the thorough breds—not a mere gaunt r 
scrawny race horse, whose dams and sires for four or 
five generations previous, have never got a foal until 
after they were worn out on the course; but he should 
send to a right gallant thorough bred—one that takes- 
after the old patriarchs of his family—that is staunch 
and sound, with plenty of bone and substance, and all 
the resoluteness of action consistent with docility and 
good temper. 
If, after following to any reasonable extent, these di¬ 
rections, any man shall breed mean animals, I will 
cheerfully throw up my theory, and at once turn my 
attention to the breeding of mules and oxen. Perhaps, 
indeed, the immediate result may not be all the breeder 
may desire—perhaps by breeding from one of her se¬ 
lected half bloods he may improve upon his first gene¬ 
ration, by obtaining better mares, or rather mares more 
assimilated to the thorough bred with which he started 
—perhaps, too, he may produce mares from the select¬ 
ed half blood, that will breed with more certainty and 
sufficient fineness from other half bred stallions. But 
I am sure he must return in season to the family of his- 
original thorough bred, or one similar to it. or other¬ 
wise his stock will inevitably degenerate. I would 
give similar directions for the breeding of some of the 
other species of horses mentioned above, but this arti¬ 
cle is already too long, and if more shall be said, i& 
must be said at another time. 
Syracuse, Nov. 1847. John Barber Burnet. 
NOTES OF A TEAYEMEE IN GREAT BHITASN—No. 8,- 
Agriculture of Wales.— The agriculture of An- 
glesea, in some parts, is in a very advanced state. 
Many of the estates of the landlords and gentlemen, 
are in a very high state of cultivation. That of Hon. 
W. Owen Stanley, member of Parliament, near Holy 
Head, is under very excellent and even superior tillage 
and cropping, equal to almost any seen in England. 
His walls and hedges are in admirable order, and every 
thing betokens the gentleman of taste, as well as ag¬ 
ricultural skill. The domain of the Marquis of An- 
glesea, near Menai Bridge, also evidences great care 
and attention; and shows that right directed effort in 
Anglesea, will secure results equally satisfactory to 
those made in other portions of the Kingdom. Most 
of the farms are of medium size-—varying from sixty 
to three hundred acres. The system of tithes, which 
for years caused great disquietude in North Wales, and 
had a very injurious tendency upon the improvement of 
the country, has been changed to a commutation, which 
has proved, I am told, very beneficial. The tenant is 
now at liberty to make improvements, and realize to 
himself all the benefits resulting from them, instead of 
sharing, as heretofore, in the profits with the landlords, 
while all the expenses were borne by himself. There 
are still various restrictions in their leases, some of 
which are very unwise, and alike injurious both to land¬ 
lord and tenant. The right of gaming, which is pre¬ 
served on most of the estates, by which the landlord 
has the exclusive privilege of hunting, and the tenant 
is prohibited, under heavy penalties, from destroying 
the game, however injurious to his crops. Observing 
in a grass field, where some laborers were mowing, 
that the grass had been very much injured by the pas¬ 
sage of hares through it, I inquired of the farmer why 
he did not kill them. His reply was, that the law was 
quite as severe for killing a hare as for felony, and that 
he was forced to submit to these depredations upon 
his crops year after year. In many of their leases 
there is a clause binding the tenants, on each farm, to? 
keep two hunting dogs for the landlord, and to have 
them ready when the season for hunting arrives. They 
are collected from the different farms to the game- 
keeper’s quarters, where a fine building is erected, far 
superior to the cottages of the Welsh tenantry-lodg¬ 
ings for game-keeper and grooms, stables for horses, 
granary, fine quarters for the hounds, large iron kettles 
to cook provisions for them, slaughter-houses where 
the old horses are killed, and every other convenience 
necessary for the landlord and his friends. When th© 
day for hunting arrives, they go forth over the lands, 
without regard to crops, and frequently very great in¬ 
jury results to the tenant, and for whieh he has no 
redress. 
The implements of husbandry are in general quite 
rude. The Scotch plow, however, is used, and the 
work is generally well performed. The principal crops 
raised in Anglesea, are oats, barley, rye, wheat, peas, 
potatoes, turneps. There is a great objection among 
farmers to buy for their own consumption, and they 
raise a variety of crops, though some of them do not 
realize very satisfactory returns. The weeding of crops 
is practiced to some extent as in England, and many 
of their fields present a very neat and clean appear¬ 
ance. There are different methods practiced in sowing 
wheat. Drilling to some extent is adopted; but broad¬ 
cast sowing on the furrow, I should think the most 
common. In gathering the wheat, the reaping hook is 
most generally used. Sometimes the grain is cut with 
the scythe, and the cradle is occasionally used. An 
opinion still prevails among the ignorant, that cradling 
grain is forbidden in scripture, though I did not learn 
in what part of the Bible the prohibition could be 
found. 
Of their grass crop, the yield when I was there, was 
very light, and their meadows would almost realize 
what has been said of Wales— a That a man may mow 
