1848. 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
119 
In trimming newly grafted trees, a fine saw should 
be used; and in order to create a free growth of wood 
the trees should be attended to early in the month of 
March or beginning of April. The limbs should not 
all be cut off the season after grafting; for if 
trimmed too much at first, too much sap is forced into 
the grafts, which are apt to be blown off by the high 
winds that occur during the summer. When this hap¬ 
pens, the trees are nearly ruined, and no skill can re¬ 
store them. The practice of pruning apple trees in 
the month of June, may be well enough where the pre¬ 
sent crop is an object; but it is proper for every one 
who undertakes such work, to understand the difference 
between pruning to create a growth of wood in newdy 
set grafts, and pruning to benefit the fruit which is 
growing on the tree. I. Hildreth. Seneca, N. Y., 
Feb., 1848. 
Apricots. 
A correspondent in Virginia inquires how apricots 
succeed when budded on young peach trees; and which 
are the best varieties. 
We have found the apricot to succeed well when bud¬ 
ded on the peach at the surface of the ground. When 
the tree is transplanted, it should be set a little lower, 
to exclude the eggs of the peach worm. It is hardly 
necessary to say that the peach stocks should be healthy 
and entirely free constitutionally or otherwise, from the 
yellows. The plum is usually preferred as a stock for 
apricots, but we have not found that striking superiority 
which some authors have described. 
The best standard varieties are, the Breda , remark¬ 
able for vigor and productiveness; the Peach and Moor¬ 
park, for large size and fine quality; the Black , for its 
extreme hardiness (equal to that of aft apple-tree,) 
though second in quality; and the Large Early, rather 
new in this country, for its early maturity. 
Pears for Vermont. 
A “Vermont subscriber” wishes to inquire “ what ex¬ 
perience says of grafting the pear upon thorns close to 
the ground; its effect upon both tree and fruit. Also 
the best twelve varieties for enduring the hard winters 
and late frosts of Vermont, yielding the greatest quan¬ 
tity, largest size, and best quality.” 
The thorn does not appear to have been much used 
as a stock for the pear in this country; consequently it 
cannot be recommended with confidence. In England 
it has been employed to a considerable extent, and has 
succeeded well, especially on hard clayey soils where 
the pear does not otherwise thrive well. It should be 
grafted below the surface. It is believed to render the 
fruits harder and smaller than on pear stocks. The 
trees are rendered less vigorous, and come sooner into 
bearing. But after extensive trial, the quince is great¬ 
ly preferred for dwarfs. 
The propriety of planting trees with quince stocks 
for extensive marketing, in a country where land is 
cheap and trees dear, may be questioned except for a 
very few varieties. The only instance we know of ex¬ 
tensive plantations of such trees, is the large orchards 
of T. Rivers of Sawbridgeworth, England, which consist 
chiefly of the Louise Bonne of Jersey, a large fine 
pear, which succeeds uncommonly well on the quince. 
Where trees can be procured cheaply by the quantity, 
and where it is desirable to obtain speedily a crop, 
there is no doubt it may succeed, provided the land is 
kept highly fertile and in good cultivation, and suitable 
varieties are selected. 
It is very difficult to furnish select lists of fruits, 
adapted to particular regions of country, where all the 
best varieties have not been fully tried. The difficulty 
is much increased by the different degrees of excellence 
which different cultivators attach to various qualities* 
The following twelve varieties however, may be em* 
ployed perhaps with a promise of good success, for the 
qualities indicated by our correspondent. 
For Pear Stocks —Golden Bilboa, Bartlett, Louise 
Bonne of Jersey, Onondaga, Flemish Beauty, Dix, 
Beurre Bose, White Doyenne, Stevens'" Genesee, Vicar 
of Winkfield, Beurre d’Aremberg, Columbia. These 
are all fine table pears, mostly quite large;—if for cook¬ 
ing, the thfee following winter varieties may be chosen: 
Catillac, Pound or Winter Bell, Black Worcester. 
A part of the preceding have been found to succeed 
well on the quince, and some others may, on more ex¬ 
tensive trial. The following however are recommend¬ 
ed from experience for the quince , among large pears: 
Louise Bonne de Jersey, Duchesse d’Angouleme, Long 
Green of Autumn, Beurre d’Aumalis, Vicar of Wink- 
field, Golden Bilboa, Beurre Diel, Beurre d’Aremberg, 
Glout Morceau. 
Apples at the South. 
“Will apples that ripen late, and keep during the 
winter in your latitude, answer as good winter apples 
in this State?” J. R. G. Halifax, N. C. 
The winter apples of the Northern States, as they 
are removed South, mature earlier, and consequently 
are diminished in keeping qualities. As far south as 
Georgia, some ripen early in autumn. Those varieties 
which are little changed by climate, as for example the 
Rhode Island Greening, in other respects do well; but 
others, as the Baldwin, w’hieh are liable to variation, 
could not be depended on for quality. Indeed, it is 
exceedingly problematical whether the Baldwin would 
prove of much value as far south as Virginia. In the 
extreme southern states, new varieties originated there 
are found to succeed best. So far south as North Car¬ 
olina, it is not probable that any of our sorts would 
prove winter apples except our longest keepers. The 
Newtown Pippin, English Russet , Tewksbury Blush, 
Willow Twig, of Ohio, Rawle’s Jannet, and Pryor’s 
Red, would probably succeed well. The latter, which 
proves a good winter apple in Western New-York, 
would probably become a late autumn variety in North 
Carolina. 
Mulching Fruit Trees. 
A correspondent of the Horticulturist planted 150 
trees in an orchard in very good but rather dry soil. 
All were planted with equal care, but a third of them 
were mulched, or the surface of the ground when plant¬ 
ed covered with 6 inches of litter. Those thus treated 
all lived; but 15 of those not mulched died in the hot 
dry weather of midsummer. It is not stated that the 
soil was kept clean and mellow around them; w'hich 
will often save the life of trees, when they would die 
of neglect. 
Raui.es’ Jannet apple, or Neverfail. —Eli Nich¬ 
ols, an intelligent cultivator of fruit in central Ohio, 
in speaking of this celebrated long-keeper, in connex¬ 
ion with the Summer Queen, says:—“ I have eaten the 
Queen and the Neverfail each of perfect flavor, on the 
same day, the first from the tree, and the last from the 
cave of a neighboring tenant farmer, put up in the 
most careless manner; and I must testify that the Nev¬ 
erfail, in flavor, seemed more than a match for the 
Queen, although one year older.” 
Cranrerries on Upland. —Mr. Gardner, of Mas¬ 
sachusetts, according to a statement in the Farmers* 
Cabinet, raised a full crop of cranberries last year on 
upland, while those on their native swamps were killed 
by frost. 
