1848. 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
127 
commended by the State Agricultural Society, at the 
annual meetings of 1847 and 1848, and commend them 
to the notice of cultivators. 
The next discussion related to the manufacture of 
Butter, See. Mr. Johnson, the secretary of the Socie¬ 
ty, gave some very valuable and important information 
in regard to the quantity of butter manufactured in the 
different counties of this State—the qualities of the dif¬ 
ferent kinds of salt used—and the course pursued by 
our government in making contracts for the supply of 
butter for the army and navy. Mr. J.’s remarks will 
appear in the Transactions, and we shall take the ear¬ 
liest opportunity to put our readers in possession of 
some of the important facts which he has collected. 
Improved Hydraulic Ram, 
The annexed cut represents W. 8c B. Douglass’ 
Improved Hydraulic Ram, manufactured at Middle- 
town, Conn., for which a silver medal was awarded by 
the American Institute, October, 1847, and also a pre¬ 
mium by the Middlesex County (Ct.,) Ag. Society, 
October, 1847. 
H spring or brook. C drive or supply pipe, from 
spring to ram. G pipe conveying water to house or 
other point required for use. B, D, A, E, I, the ram. 
J the plank or other foundation to which the machine is 
secured.. 
Water-rams, variously constructed, are fast coming 
into use, and with great advantage. We copy the 
following description of them from the Middletown, 
Ct., Constitution Its object is to raise water above 
its natural level, which is done by a simple hydrostatic 
principle. If a bar of iron be made to stand upright, 
it will press with its whole weight on the point on 
which it rests; but if a column of water be poured 
do'&n a perpendicular tube, it exerts a force not only 
downward but laterally, so that it would have a tenden¬ 
cy, if the tube was closed at the bottom, to expand at 
the bottom of the tube into a globular form, by press¬ 
ing on each side equally. If the tube be very long it 
must be capable of resisting a great pressure at the 
lower end or it will burst. If now T a smaller pipe be 
made to connect with this tube at the bottom, and a 
stop cock be placed at or near the point of junction, 
the pressure of the water will be very great at the 
place where the stopcock is. If the cock be suddenly 
opened, so great is the pressure that a jet of water 
will rise in this pipe to a considerable distance above 
the top of the other pipe. If the cock be opened and 
shut suecessively, a continuous stream is obtained from 
the smaller pipe. This is the simple principle of the 
Water-Ram. Messrs. W. & B. Douglass in this city, 
are manufacturing a very perfect article, which takes 
but little room, acts with great force, and seldom gets 
out of repair. It has obtained quite .extensive u*se 
among the farming community. Springs of excellent 
water, before of no utility because at a distance from 
where they might be used, and at too low a level for 
ordinary conveyance through pipes, are now brought 
into requisition for household purposes, for watering 
cattle, and also for irrigating lands.” [See advertise¬ 
ment.] 
Lawrence Scientific School. 
This Institution forms a department of Harvard Uni¬ 
versity, Cambridge, Mass.—a department endowed by 
the munificence of the Hon. Abbot Lawrence. The 
second term commenced on the 25th of February last. 
From a circular forw T arded us by Prof. Horsford, we 
learn that instruction will be given under the following 
heads:—J. Chemistry, under the direction of Prof. 
Horsford, who will receive special students in chem¬ 
istry, they giving their attendance in the laboratory for 
such time as shall appear to be necessary. In the 
course of the term Prof. H. will deliver a full course 
of lectures on theoretical and practical chemistry. 2. 
Zoology and Geology. Prof. Agassiz will deliver a 
course of lectures “ on the History of the earliest Geo¬ 
logical Ages,” followed with an account of the earliest 
known condition of our globe, and the changes it has 
undergone up to the present period. The regular lec¬ 
tures in future will consist alternately of zoology and 
geology. Prof. Agassiz will afford students access to 
his laboratory, in order that they may learn how to 
observe isolated facts, and how to conduct investiga¬ 
tions in a proper manner. He will also make excur¬ 
sions in the country with the students during term- 
time. 3. Engineering. This department will be 
brought into operation as soon as practicable. 
The following courses of lectures delivered to under¬ 
graduates will be open to members of the Scientific 
School, viz:—A compendious course on Mineralogy and 
Geology , by Prof. Webster. A course on Systematic 
Botany according to the Natural System, by Prof. 
Gray. A course on Natural Philosophy , by Prof. Lov¬ 
ering. A course on the General Outlines of the Clas¬ 
sification of the Animal Kingdom, and on comparative 
Anatomy and Physiology, by Prof. Jeffries Wyman. 
We learn that the new Chemical Laboratory and the 
building for the department of Engineering are in pro¬ 
gress of erection. It is expected that the former will 
be ready for occupation by September next. The for¬ 
mation of a Museum of Natural History, on an exten¬ 
sive scale, wfill be immediately commenced under the 
superintendence of the professors in the several depart¬ 
ments. The Mineralogical Cabinet of the University, 
the Rumford and Philosophical Apparatus, the Ana¬ 
tomical Museum, the Botanic Garden, the Observatory, 
and the Public Library, will be accessible to the stu¬ 
dents of the Scientific School. 
Further information on all subjects connected with 
the school, may be obtained on application to Prof. E. 
N. Horsford, Dean of the Faculty. 
Cubic Feet and Bushels. —Divide the number of 
cubic feet by 1-6, and the result will be heaped bush¬ 
els—applicable to apples, potatoes, &c. Multiply the 
cubic feet by the fraction 4-5, and the product will be 
stricken bushels. 
Lawsuits. —The Chinese call going to law, “losing 
a cow to win a cat.” With us it is often losing the 
cow without winning the cat. 
An Old and good Maxim for Drivers: 
Up hill urge me not, 
Down hill press me not, 
On the plain spare me not, 
In the stable forget me not. 
