78 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
Names, 
Lucilla 
Calista 
White Rose 
Ruby 
Cowslip 
HEIFER CALVElS —Under one year old. 
Out of 
Laura 
Cora 
Lily 
Red Rose 
Got by 
Comet 
do 
Yarboro’ 
do 
Comet 
Thus it would seem that the true improved Short Horns are a 
cross of the large Teeswater with the smaller Galloway breeds made 
by Mr. C. Colling, and the pedigree of these animals is traced bach 
by the breeders to so'ne one of the animals named in the preceding 
list. Robert, as well as Charles Colling, was an early breeder of 
this improved stock. His stock was sold in 1818, when the follow¬ 
ing great prices was obtained for some of his cattle, a sufficient 
proof of the estimation in which they were held ; 
One 2 year old cow, sold for 331 guineas. 
One 4 year old cow,.. .do.. .300 do 
One 5 year old cow,... do... 370 do 
One 1 year old bull calf,do.. .270 do 
One 4 year old bull,.. .do.. .621 do 
34 cows... .sold for., 
.. .4,141 guineas. 
14 heifers... .do.... 
.. 1,287 
do 
6 bulls.do.... 
.. 1,343 
do 
4 bull calves,do.... 
.. 713 
do 
61 head of cattle do... 
,.7,484 
do 
The great improvement effected by the Messrs. Colling, was the 
symmetry of form, and the disposition to feed rapidly. Eveiy per¬ 
fection in cattle, whether it be one of form, of quality of flesh, or 
disposition to fatten, or to yield milk—can be retained only by the 
breeder’s devoted attention to this particular object; and every ad¬ 
vance towards one point has been tantamount to receding from 
another; because the same proceeding which tends to enhance a 
particular quality, will also enhance a defect, provided such defect 
was of previous existence. It is admitted that the improved breeds 
do not give such a quantity of milk as the unimproved, or Holder- 
ness; yet it is maintained that the milk of the former is better qua¬ 
lity, and yields as much butler. Col. Powell, of Philadelphia, ob¬ 
tained from an improved Short Horn, at the rate of 20 lbs. of but¬ 
ter per week, though undoubtedly under high keeping It is con¬ 
tended that the cows unite the two qualities of taking flesh and 
giving milk to a degree of perfection, but not at the same time ;— 
they succeed to each other, and at the period when it suits the dairy 
woman they should. It is well to remark, that the counties of Dur¬ 
ham and York have been the principal theatre of Short Horn excel¬ 
lence, whether of old or new breeds. Hence the term of Yorkshire 
or Durham cattle is often applied to both. 
[ From the Fanner and Gardener.'] 
ART OF MANAGING SHEEP. 
Sir—I have been very desirous of ascertaining the particular me¬ 
thod in which Mr. Barney, of Philadelphia, manages his sheep, that 
enables him so far to exceed every body else in producing fine mut¬ 
ton and good wool. 
On his late visit to this city, 1 put the question to him, wherein 
consisted his superior management of sheep 1 He gave the follow¬ 
ing reply: He said a gentlemen visited him not long since, and on 
going to his sheep-yard, and viewing it, asked him the same ques¬ 
tion. He snowed at that time, from fifty ewes, upwards of sixty 
lambs, all lively and brisk, with a loss, I think he said, of three or 
four. The gentlemen observed to him that he had his shed covered 
with dead lambs; and asked wherein the secret in breeding lay.— 
Mr. Barney observed to him, you stuff your sheep with dry food.— 
Yes, as much good clover hay as they will eat, was the reply. Mr. 
B.—You give them no water, but suffer them to go out in time of 
snow and eat it as they are disposed to do? Yes. Then, said Mr. 
Barney, there lies the secret. Your sheep fill themselves with dry 
hay; they get no water; and they have not a sufficient supply of 
gastric juice to promote the digestion of the hay in the stomach ; 
they cannot raise it to chew the cud; they lose their appetites ; are 
thrown into a fever; and cannot bring forth their young, or they 
bring forth a feeble, starved lamb, that falls off and dies the first ex¬ 
posure to the cold or rain. On the contrary, I take care to provide 
my sheep with good clear water in summer and winter. I feed 
them regularly with hay through the winter, and give them ruta baga 
and mangel wurtzel every day. The ewes produce me 120 per cent, 
increase in lambs. You cannot, says Mr. Barney, get along with¬ 
out ruta baga and mangel wurtzel. 
This gentlemen has just sold his sheep for upwards of $17 per 
head to the butchers. It is his opinion that sheep are the most pro¬ 
fitable stock that a man can raise ; and it appears he makes use of 
no expensive food, or increased quantity of it. But the secret of. 
raising good stock of every kind, consists in maintaining that regu¬ 
lar and cleanly mode of proceeding, which preserves the digestive 
organs of the animal in a healthy state, and enables them to convert 
what they eat into chyle, suitable for the nourishment of the animal. 
Respectfully yours, A. 
[From the Quebec Mercury.] 
A paragraph lately appeared in this paper, stating that the Lower 
Canada Society Hr the Promotion of Agriculture had received an¬ 
swers to certain queries proposed by them, on matters connected 
with cattle to the Right Hon. Sir John Sinclair, Bart.; Win. Aiton, 
Esq.; Charles Gordon, Esq. Secretary to the Highland Society, and 
Win. Hamilton, Esq. Secretary to the Botanical and Horticultural 
Society of Plymouth. We have been favored with the answers of 
these gentlemen for publication ; they are given below, and will be 
found to convey very much useful information, communicated with 
a readiness and in a manner to afford ample proof of the ability and 
willingness of these distinguished characters to promote the ex¬ 
tension of agricultural knowledge, by every assistance they can ren¬ 
der. 
Sir John Sinclair and Mr. Aiton accompanied their answers with 
copies of their respective works on agriculture, which are of great 
value; and Mr. Hamilton rendered his letler doubly acceptable by 
conveying, at the same time, a further supply of the Victoria or Car- 
raccas Wheat. The communications of these gentlemen follow Tin 
part] : 
Answers to queries put by the Agricultural Society of Lower Ca¬ 
nada, at Quebec, to the Right Hon. Sir John Sinclair, Bart. 
Query 1.— What, in your opinion, is the most celebrated breed of 
milch cows in Great Britain? 
Answer.—The improved dairy cows in the western counties of 
Scotland are certainly, now, the most celebrated and valuable breed 
of milch cows in Great Britain, or any other part of Europe. Such 
is the opinion of one who has carefully inspected all the different 
breeds of cattle in Scotland, in many of the counties of England, as 
well as on the continent, from Paris to the Texel. The cows in 
Cheshire are not of a uniform breed, but a mixture of those in the 
neighboring counties, and of Scotch and Irish breeds, all crossed 
and blended together. And as they are not so well fed and treated 
as the dairy stock in Scotland, they are inferior to them in ge¬ 
neral character, and in milking. The Durham or Teeswater breed 
are superior, as dairy cows, to any other breed in England; and if 
they were as well fed and treated as the Scots dairy stock, they 
would equal them in beauty and good qualities. The cattle in Hol¬ 
land have often been mentioned as excellent dairy cows, but from the 
quality of their pasture, and the way they are fed in winter, the 
Dutch cows have strong bones, coarse shapes, and do not yield so 
much milk in proportion to their size, as the dairy cows in the west¬ 
ern counties of Scotland. For the history, shapes and qualities of 
that breed, the Society are humbly referred to the account of the 
Dutch Dairy and Cattle Husbandry, in the tour through that coun¬ 
try, sent with these answers. 
Query 2.—What quantity of milk would a cow of such a breed 
give per day ? 
Answer.—There is such diversity in the quantity of milk, that 
some cows yield more than others of the same breed, and still more 
in what every cow will give under various changes of circumstances, 
that it is not easy to fix the proper average of the returns of any 
breeds. Cows sprung from the same parents, and reared and fed 
together, will often vary considerably in the quantity of milk they 
yield. Cows give less milk when young, or when they are too old, 
than they do from four to eight years of their age. Cows that are 
lean give less milk, and that of an inferior quality, than the same 
cows will give when they are in a good habit of body. Cows gene¬ 
rally give more milk for two or three months after calving than they 
do afterwards. And the manner in which they are fed and treated 
has a powerful effect on the milking of cows. 
But without going into particulars, or mentioning extraordinary 
