100 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
ty feet square and one foot high of well packed hay, give one ton of 
2,240 pounds by weight; how far it is correct, we have never had 
the opportunity of ascertaining. We have estimated it by the load, 
and a two horse load, with the wagon, or one with an ox cart, are 
considered equal—eacli load we put down as twelve cwt. of well 
cured hay, such it would turn out from the mow. 
For cutting, curing and housing 126 cartloads hay,..$143 00 
do. do do. 124 wagon do. 136 00 
do. do. do. 38 cart do. 34 37 
Total,.. 288 loads costing,..$313 37 
Or $1.08j per load. 
We give three different statements as the work was done on three 
different farms, and the first two under the direction of the persons 
living upon them who were hired tenants, and who employed men 
to work with and under them—the work was charged at $1 per day 
wages and board, which was the actual price. How far the tenants 
who had no interest in the hay, or were not charged with any part 
of the payment of the expenses, might, if they had been concerned 
in either or both, by greater efficiency, been enabled to lessen the 
expense, we are unable to say : they were, however, as competent 
as the better kind of day laborers, and as the farms were some dis¬ 
tance apart, and there was no communication between the tenants, 
still the expense for the labor done on each is nearly the same. A 
revolving horse hay rake was used in both instances, and there was 
no charge for the use of the team to house the hay. {Still we have 
no doubt that had the owner personally superintended the work, the 
cost would have been less ; because his direct interest in lessening 
all expenses would have created facilities which did not occur to 
those less interested. In the last statement given this was the case, 
for there we see thirty-eight loads cured for $34, or about ninety 
cents per load ; whereas the other two cost about $1.12 per load. 
We have heretofore made estimates of the expense of curing hay, 
and have uniformly made them at about $1 per load. Last year, 
the expense was rather less than this ; for although the weather was 
not quite so dry for harvesting, yet as the heat was not so intense, 
laborers were enabled, on the whole, to do more, and this year, a 
mower had to go over more ground to obtain the same quantity of 
hay. A. 
CORRESPOND EKCE. 
SKINLESS OATS. 
Aibamj, Sept. 11, 1834. 
Sir, —In compliance with your request, I now give you some ac¬ 
count of a new kind of oat, called the skinless oat; of which 1 re¬ 
ceived a small parcel (about a taffe spoonful) in the spring of 1832, 
said to have come from Siberia, in the north of Asia. 
Owing to the very small quantity which I received, and being much 
pleased with their appearance, I, with great care sowed them in 
drills in the garden. Their growth is very similar to the common 
oat, and of the same appearance at maturity, except the head is more 
compact and larger. The second year I sowed in the same manner, 
the product of which was about three bushels ; and this season 1 
sowed them broadcast upon ordinary ground. They matured some 
few days earlier than the common oat, which were sown on the 
same day on the adjoining ground, each kind having the same at¬ 
tention, in all respects, as to quantity of ground, cultivation, &c. &c. 
I have not yet threshed them. Their appearance cn the ground 
was extremely fine ; the usual quantity of straw, uncommon large 
and heavy heads, and the products, as to measure, certainly equal 
if not more than the common oat, and one third more in weight. 
They are well adapted to our soil and climate, and require only 
the same cultivation as the ordinary kind. Half the quantity of 
seed, however, only, is required per acre. 
When threshed, the grain is entirely free from every particle of 
husk, and has precisely the appearance of the common oat hulled. 
A sample of them may be seen at Mr. Thorburn’s Seed Store, 
North Market-street. 
I intend to thresh them soon, when I will endeavor to give some 
further account of them. 
For a more particular description of these oats, 1 have thought 
proper to annex an extract from the New-York Farmer, vol. 7, No. 
1, page 26, which please publish. 
Respectfully, your obedient servant, 
To J. Buel, Esq. A. THORP. 
Extract .—At a meeting of the Warwickshire Agricultural Socie¬ 
ty, a specimen of the skinless oat was produced by the Rev. Mr. 
Knott, which had been plucked that morning out of a piece of ground 
belonging to that gentlemen at Wormlington. It was produced from 
seed furnished to him from Mr. Tucker of Heanton Punchardon, near 
Barnstable, Devonshire. 
According to the account furnished to us by that gentleman, it 
was grown in the season of 1830 for the first time. It was produc¬ 
ed in Great Britain, by Thomas Derenzy, Esq, of Clebemore Hall, 
who obtained the seed through a friend of his at Rotterdam, whither 
it was imported from Shantez, a remote district in China, and was 
quite unknown to Europeans till within three years. 
The advantages which this extraordinary and valuable grain pos¬ 
sesses over all other kinds of oats, are numerous, viz : When thresh¬ 
ed from the sheaf it is exactly like oat-meal, and it is fit for imme¬ 
diate use for culinary purposes, and every other sort which oat-meal 
is consumed for, the grain being quite free from every particle of 
rind or husk. Theflivor is delicious, and it contains much more 
farinaceous matter. There is, of course, considerable saving of oats, 
and expense of kiln drying, sifting, &c, &c. and one peck of it con¬ 
tains more nutritious food for a horse than three pecks of common oat.s. 
The produce is astonishing, the average being twenty-six bbls. of 
fourteen stone to the Irish acre, the exact quantity grown by Mr 
Derenzy on one acre. It was not sown till the 4th May, 1830, and 
was reaped early in August the same year. 
It is remarkably hardy, and well adapted to the climate. 
WILD CARROTS. 
Similarly pernicious with the Canada thistle, in being useless and 
a nuisance, in being rejected by cattle as fit herbage for pasture, in 
being difficult to be exterminated, and in rapidly spreading over and 
densely covering fields, door yards, road sides, &.c. to the exclusion 
of grasses more sightly and useful; yet, either through inattention 
to their progress, or ignorance of their noxiousness, many farmers 
in this country, perhaps from negligence detrimental both to them¬ 
selves and their neighbors, permit wild carrots to extend and over¬ 
run their grounds, without an effort to subdue them. Seeds may be 
conveyed from one place to another by winds, birds, &c. it is admit¬ 
ted, but it may be proper for your readers further to know another 
mode of conveyance : that it is but a few years since any wild car¬ 
rots (in patches so as to be noticed) were know to be on this Island, 
and that now they are to be seen in different parts of it; that they 
have been found to spring up where none previously existed in the 
neighborhood, in fields recently sowed with red clover seed purchas¬ 
ed in the city of New-York ; that, as much of the wild carrot is 
ripe at the same time that the second crop of red clover is cut for 
seed, it is thought by many that the two are carelessly gathered to¬ 
gether, sold and dispersed over the country. From the state of 
Pennsylvania and the state of New-Jersey, where, in places, the 
weed is much too prevalent, is brought, for sale the greater part of 
the red clover seed sold in the city of New-York, whence much of 
it is shipped, the supplies generally for the neighboring country, and 
the whole annual supply of this county are obtained. 
With leaving it to your readers in their own way to condemn and 
guard against such as would thus “sow tares among wheat,” or pro¬ 
pagate poison disguised in salutary medicine, it is recommended, as 
the most simple and natural process found to be successful, to those who 
find wild carrots growing on their premises, to have them annually, 
when the seeds ripen, pulled up by the roots, which can easily and 
speedily be done when the ground is wet and soft by rain. When 
in blossom they are more readily seen, and their stalks are suffici¬ 
ently strong to bear pulling without breaking off at the root. Any 
person so disposed or determined to free his land of their incum¬ 
brance may succeed, with a few hours occasional labor in three or 
four summers, by strictly adhering to a resolve to extirpate them in 
blossom, or suffer none to mature their seeds. Ploughing, hoeing, 
mowing, pasturing, &c. in the usual cultivation and rotation of crops, 
do not destroy them. 
The subscriber conforms to the repeated requests of the conduc¬ 
tors of the Cultivatoi, not to sign fictitions names to communica¬ 
tions. JOHN J. CROCHERON. 
Richmond county, N. Y. Sept. 9th 1834. 
ON LAYING DOWN PERMANENT PASTURES. 
It would be gratifying if some farmer, or other person of experi¬ 
ence and observation, would give some information, through the me- 
