THE CULTIVATOR. 
102 
any time in the month of June, at the rate of two bushels to the 
acre. 
The writer lias adopted this expedient several times when pas¬ 
turage and mowing promised to fail, and has found the product ge¬ 
nerally more abundant, as food for sheep and cattle, than the best 
meadow. Let it be supposed, that from the 1st to 15th or 20th June, 
one shall have reason to apprehend a scarcity of subsistence. Let 
him select his poorest pasture or meadow, after being closely fed, 
and applying manure or not, according to circumstances, plough, 
sow, harrow and roll the land. If the season be tolerably favorable, 
the probability is, in less than ninety days there will be ten tons of 
the most nutritious green food on an acre, which may be cut and fed 
to milch cows, working or fattening cattle, and even to horses and 
swine, to great advantage, more especially at a time like the present, 
when pasturage is nearly destroyed. 
By allowing it to stand until just before early frost, the full profit 
is insured, and a mass of the best quality of winter food is realized 
at a very trifling expense. The manner of cutting and curing, is 
to use a strong short grain cradle, and to set it up in small stouts, 
(not bound in sheaves,) binding the stouts with two bands of the 
same material, and after it is suitably cured, house, as in case of the 
corn tops. 
It is believed by the writer, that this plan of multiplying animal 
subsistence is of very great importance, and he hopes another year, 
some will make experiments of it. 
A SARATOGA FARMER. 
P. S. It will be recollected that a wheat or rye crop may follow 
the sowed corn, or, if deemed too late, oats, peas or barley may 
succeed the next spring. The ground is left light and clean. 
A DAIRY FARM.” 
Scliolwrie, August 22 d, 1834. 
Sir —The annexed account of “Orange farm” is extracted from 
a “ Complete view of Baltimore,” with directory, &c. 1833, by Charles 
Varle. The mode of making butter by steam, is novel to me, and 
is the principal cause of tny copying it. I give you the whole arti¬ 
cle, of w'hich, make any use you please. 
Your obedient servant, 
A WELL WISHER TO THE CULTIVATOR. 
J. Btiel, Esq. 
“ Orange farm, the property of Robert Smith, Esq. containing 4 
or 500 acres, situated about three miles from the Court-House, on 
the turnpike to Havre de Grace : It is conducted on the soiling sys¬ 
tem, viz. no cattle are allowed to graze on the fields, but occasion¬ 
ally; they are kept in stables; the black cattle, which constitute 
the base of this system, are here about 100. They furnish daily, in 
summer, near 200 gallons of milk, and are attended by white people, 
as being more clean and careful than the black. The cream, which 
is raised by steam , produces very sweet butter, which is sent to the 
Baltimore Centre Market, every day, and the machine in which it is 
conveyed, is well appropriated for an easy carriage. It sells in sum¬ 
mer at 31 cents per pound, and 50 cents in winter. The sour, or 
rather butler-milk, because it does not partake of acidity as the oth¬ 
er milk which has fermented, and whose buttery particles have been 
taken out is as sw r eet as fresh milk, and it is sold in market and pla¬ 
ces of deposite, for two cents a quart. 
“ The mode of feeding the cows is different from the common mode. 
Their food is hay and vegetable^matter, cut in small pieces and 
steamed—they carry it to the stalls of the cow t s. 
“The goodness of this system consists of losing no manure, and for 
not having the soil trampled by cattle. For that purpose, a gutter 
is placed in every stable, and is so situated, that nothing is lost of 
what is considered of a fertilizing quality, and is conveyed to a re¬ 
servoir, from which it is pumped out in a pipe placed in a cart, which 
is sent, to the field to be regularly spread, by means of a spiggot ar¬ 
ranged for the purpose. 
“This farm has been improved by the above means to such a de¬ 
gree, that hemp will grow luxuriantly on it, w'hile before this system 
was adopted, the soil was as thin as any other in the vicinity of this 
city. The quantity of hogs fed on the offals, is a great addition to 
this good mode of farming. 
“The nett income of this farm, is from four to five thousand dol¬ 
lars a year. 
“The preceding account is to be relied on as correct, it having 
been copied from my journal of a tour of agriculture through the 
United States, made a few years ago.” 
Mr. Editor —Several methods of drying unripe corn for winter 
use are recommended and may be praciised with advantage. Pro¬ 
bably the worst of these is the common one of boiling, and after¬ 
wards cutting the grain from the cob. The corn is not only depriv¬ 
ed of much of its sweetness and flavor by the boiling, but the best, 
though not the largest part of each kernel, the corculum, or as it is 
called by the farmers, chit, is left on the cob. A far better plan is that 
adopted by the Indians of Lake Michigan, who roast the corn in a 
sand bath, heated by a fire which they make on a bed of soft sand, 
into which the ears are plunged. After being roasted in this way, 
it is removed from the cob and kept in sacks for winter use. 
A neater and still better method is, to put the ears of green corn 
into a baker, or oven of any kind, and roast them about as much as 
you would do for immediate use. The corn is then shelled, each 
grain being preserved entire, and spread to dry for a few days, either 
in the open air or a dry room ; and may be kept for years. When 
thoroughly boiled, (for at least 12 hours,) it is as tender and soft as 
green corn, to which in flavor it is no way inferior, and constitutes 
a most admirable ingredient in soups, or if eaten by itself is one of 
the most delicious and wholesome dishes that can possib’y be pre¬ 
pared. 
A diet consisting exclusively of corn preserved in this way is re¬ 
garded as a specific in the removal of a predisposition to cancer. 
Yours, very respectful!v, 
' EDWIN JAMES. 
CURE FOR FOOT ROT IN SHEEP. 
The above complaint has been very troublesome in some parts of 
the country; and for the information of those not acquainted with a 
remedy, I should like to see it published in the Cultivator. I had my 
information from a gentleman who had been much troubled with it. 
The disease is very infectious, and sheep affected with it should be 
immediately separated from the flock, and their feet scraped clean, 
and spirits of turpentine poured in. This course should be pursued 
once in eight or ten days till the cure is effected, which is accom- 
plished, in most cases, by three applications. 
DANIEL CURTIS. 
Canaan Centre, September 10th, 1834. 
Critic Husbandry. 
THE SHORT HORNS. 
Known as Durham, Teeswaler, Holderness, Improved Short Horns, cJ-c. 
(Concluded from page 73.) 
CRITERION OF A GOOD YORKSHIRE COW. 
“A milch cow, good for the pad as long as she is wanted, and 
then quickly got into marketable condition, should have a long and 
rather small head; a large headed cow will seldom fatten or yield 
much miik. The eye should be bright, yet with a peculiar placid¬ 
ness and quietness of expression; the chaps thin, and the horns 
small. The neck should not be so thin as that which common opi¬ 
nion may have given to the milch cow. It may be thin towards 
the head, but it must soon begin to thicken, and especially when it 
approaches the shoulder. The duelap should be small; the breast, 
if not so wide as in some that have an unusual disposition to fatten, 
yet very far from being narrow, and it should project before the 
legs; the chine, to a certain degree, fleshy, and even inclining to 
fullness; the girth behind the shoulder should be deeper than it is 
usually found in the Short Horn ; the ribs should spread out wide, 
so as to give as globular a form as possible to the carcass, and each 
should project farther than the preceeding one to the very loins, giv¬ 
ing, if after all the milch cow must be a little wider below than 
above, yet as much breadth as can possible be afforded to the more 
valuable parts. She should be well formed across the hips and on 
the rump, and with greater length there than the milker generally 
possesses; or if a little too short, not too heavy. If she stands a 
little long on the legs, it must not be too long. The thighs some¬ 
what thin, with a slight tendency to crookedness, or being sickle- 
hammed behind; the tail thick at the upper part, but tapering be¬ 
low; and she should have a mellow hide, and little coarse hair. 
Common consent has given to her large milk veins; and although 
the subcutaneous milk vein has nothing to do with the udder, but, 
conveys the blood from the fore part of the chest and sides to the 
inquinal vein, yet a large milk vein certainly indicates a strongly de¬ 
veloped vascular system—one favorable to secretion general!] 7 , and 
to that of the milk among the rest. 
