100 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
milar throughout, but the part next to the line B C somewhat more sandy, 
and more productive in corn, than the part next to A D—and in like 
manner, it is lighter along A e, than nearer to D f. The whole sod, a 
gray silicious acid loam, not more than two inches deep at first, resting 
on a yellowish sandy subsoil from one to two feet deep, when it changes 
to clay. Natural growth mostly pine—next in quantity oaks of different 
kinds—a little of dogwood and chinquepin—whortleberry bushels through¬ 
out in plenty. The quality of the soil is better than the average of ridge 
lands in general. 
The part B C g h, about 11 acres, grubbed and cut down in the win¬ 
ter of 1S14—15 5 suffered to lie three years with most of the wood and 
brush on it. February 1818, my earliest application of marl was made 
on B C m l, about 2J acres. Marl 33-100 of calcareous earth, and the 
balance silicious sand, except a very small proportion of clay: the shelly 
matter finely divided. Quantity of marl to the acre, one hundred and 
twenty-five to two hundred heaped bushels. The whole B C g h coul- 
tered, and planted in its first crop of corn. 
Results. —1818—The corn on the marled land, evidently much better 
—supposed difference, forty per cent. 
1S19.—In wheat. The ditference as great, perhaps more so—particu¬ 
larly to be remarked from the commencement to the end of the winter, 
by the marled part preserving a green colour, while the remainder was 
seldom visible from a short distance, and by the spring, stood much thin¬ 
ner, from the greater number of plants having been killed. The line of 
separation very perceptible through both crops. 
1820.—At rest. During the summer marled all B C g h, at the rate of 
five hundred bushels, without excepting the space before covered, and a 
small part of that made as heayy as one thousand bushels, counting both 
dressings. The shells now generally coarse—average strength of the 
marl, 37,100 of calcareous earth. In the winter after, ploughed three 
inches deep as nearly as could be, which made the whole new surface 
yellow, by bringing barren subsoil to the top. 
Results continued. —1821.— In corn. The whole a remarkable growth 
for such a soil. The oldest (and heaviest) marled piece better than the 
other, but not enough so to show the dividing line. The average pro¬ 
duct of the whole supposed to have been fully twenty-five bushels to the 
acre. 
1822. —In wheat—and red clover sowed on all the old marling, and one 
or two acres adjoining. A severe drought in June killed the greater part 
of the clover, but left it much the thickest on the oldest marled piece, so 
as again to show the dividing line, and to yield in 18J3, two middling 
crops to the scythe—the first that I had known obtained from any acid 
soil, without high improvement from putrescent manures. 
1823. —At rest—nothing taken off, except the clover on B C m l. 
1824. —In coin—product seemed as before, and its rate may be inferred 
from the actual measurement on other parts, which will be stated in the 
next experiment, the whole being now cleared, and brought under like 
cultivation. 
Experiment 2. 
The part ef n o , cleared and cultivated in corn at the same times as the 
preceding—but treated differently in some other respects. This had been 
deprived of nearly all its w'ood, and the brush burnt at the time of cutting 
down—and its first crop of corn ( 1818 ) being very inferior, was not fol¬ 
lowed by wheat in 1819. This gave two years of rest before the crop of 
1821—and five years restout of six, since the piece had been cut down. 
As before stated, the soil rather lighter on the side next too f than nf. 
March, 1821.—A measured acre near the middle, covered with six 
hundred bushels of calcareous sand, ( 20 - 100 ,) the upper layer of another 
body of fossil shells. 
Results. —1821.—In corn. October—the four adjoining quarter acres, 
marked 1, 2, 3, 4, extending nearly across the piece, two of them within, 
and two without the marled part, measured as follows: 
Not marled, No. 1 , 65 ' 
DO. 
Marled, 
DO. 
^ average to the acre 22J bushels of grain. 
No. 4, 6§ 
No. 2, 8£ ) . , 
No. 3, 8i 5 avera S e 334 bushels. 
The remainder of this piece was marled before sowing wheat in 1821. 
1823. —At rest. 
1824. —In corn—distance 5£ by 34 feet, making 2436 stalks to the acre. 
October 11th, measured two quarter acres very nearly coinciding with 
Nos. 2 and 3 in the last measurement. They now made 
No. 2, 7 bushels Si pecks, or per acre, 31.1 ) Average 
No. 3, 8 bushels, . 32.0 5 31 2£ 
Average in 1821,..... 33.1 
Experiment 3. 
The part efgh was cut down in January, 1821, and the land planted 
in corn the same year. The coultering and after-tillage very badly exe¬ 
cuted, on account of the number of whortleberry and other roots. As 
much as was convenient was marled at six hundred bushels, (37-100) and 
the dressing limited by a straight line. Distance of corn 5£ by 3| feet— 
2262 stalks to the acre. 
Results. —1821.—October—on each side of the dividing line, a piece of 
28 by 21 corn hills measured as follows: 
No. 1. 588 stalks, not marled, 2 bushels, equal to. 74 the acre. 
No. 2. 588 stalks, marled,. 44, 16| the acre, 
1822. —In wheat, the remainder having been previously marled. 
1823. —At rest. During the following winter it was covered with a 
second dressing of marl at 250 bushels, (45-100,) making 850 bushels to 
the acre altogether. 
1824. —In corn. Two quarter acres, chosen as nearly as possible on 
the same spaces that were measured in 1821, produced as follows: 
No. 1, 8 bushels, 2 pecks, or to the acre,. 34 
The same in 1821, before marling,...• 7.3| 
No. 1, 7 bushels, 2J pecks, or to the acre,. 30,2 
The same in 1821, after marling,. 16.lj 
1825.—The whole twenty-six acres, including the subjects of all these 
experiments and obseivations, were in wheat. The fiist mailed piece 
in Exp. 1, was decidedly the best—and a gradual decline was to be seen 
to the latest. I have never measured the product of wheat from any ex¬ 
periment, on account of the great trouble and difficulty that would be en¬ 
countered. Even if the wheat from small measured spaces could be 
reaped and secured separately, during the heavy labors of harvest, it 
would be scarcely possible afterwards to carry the different particles through 
all the operations necessary to show exactly the clean grain derived from 
each. But without any separate measurement, all my observations con¬ 
vince me, that the increase of wheat from marling, is at least equal to 
that of corn, during the first few years, and is certainly greater after¬ 
wards, in comparison to its product before using marl. 
It was from the heaviest mailed pait of Exp 1, that soil was analysed 
to find how much calcareous earth remained in 1826, (page 26.) Before 
that time the marl and soil had been well mixed by ploughing to the depth 
of five inches. One of the specimens of the soil then examined, con¬ 
sisted of the following parts—the surface, and consequently the unde¬ 
composed weeds upon it, being excluded. 
1000 grains of soil yielded 
769 grains ot silicious sand, moderately fine. 
15 finer sand. 
8 calcareous earth, from the manure applied, 
180 finely divided clay, vegetable matter, &c. 
28 lost in the process. 
1000 
This part, it has been already stated, was originally lighter than the ge¬ 
neral texture of the land. 
Experiment 4. 
The four acres marked A D no were cleared in the winter of 1823—4. 
The lines p q and r s divide the piece nearly into quarters. The end 
nearest A p o is lighter, and best for corn, and was still better for the 
first crop, owing to nearly that half having been accidentally burnt over. 
After twice coultering, marl and putrescent manures were applied as fol¬ 
lows; and the products measured, October 11th, the same year. 
Bush. Pecks. 
s q not marled nor manured—produced on a quarter acre, 
(No. 4 ) of soft and badly filled corn, 3 bushels, or per acre 12 
q r and r p, marled at 800 bushels, (45-100) by three 
measurement of different pieces— 
acre (No. 1.) five bushels, very nearly, or. 19 3§ 
g acre (No. 2.) 2.34 ( 9 i n $ 22 2 
£ acre (No. 3.) 3.14 5 avera ? e2l - J i.£ 27 
s t manured at 900 to 1100 bushels to the acre, of which, 
4 acre (No. 5.) with rotted corn stalks, from a winter cow- 
pen gave 5.2£,.22 2 
j acre (No. 6.) with stable manure, 4.1|,. 35 2 
g acre (No. 7.) covered with the same heavy dressings of 
stable manure, and of marl also, gave 4-2,. 36 
