THE CULTIVATOR. 
129 
Profits of the Mulberry. —A gentleman in New-York, who has devot¬ 
ed much time and attention, to the planting of mulberry trees, gives a 
statement from two acres, which divided, will give the following for one 
acre. 
One acre of ground fenced by mulberry hedges and set out with 
trees, ....—... $250 00 
Interest and additional expense during five years,. 187 50 
$437 50 
The acre will then produce—From 5 to 10 years, 10 per cent, from 10 
to 15 years, 47 percent, from 15 to 20 years, 112 per cent, averaging 
nearly 45 per cent, for the first 20 years, and continued at 112 per cent, 
afterwards. The culture of silk is becoming so profitable that it would 
seem advantageeus for farmers generally, to give it their attention.— 
JY. B. Gazette. 
Mulberry trees. —If the growth in France of raw silk be estimated at 
45,000,0001b. the quantity of cocoons maybe estimated at 36,000,0001b. 
It is calculated that 101b. of mulberry leaves will be consumed for the 
production of lib. of cocoons, so that the annual produce of France must 
be 577,000,0001b, of leaves; and giving to each tree an average annual 
produce of 101 b., the number of mulberry trees must be above 5,700,000. 
t)ne ounce of eggs will, on an average, produce 1001b. of cocoons. An 
ounce of eggs is calculated to give at least 30,000 worms. The quantity 
of silk worms annually reared in France cannot, therefore, be less than 
10,800,000,000.— Dr. Bowring's Report.. 
Dr. Clarke's Direction to his Son for Avoiding Contagion _While 
you are ready at every call, make use of all your prudence to prevent the 
(reception of contagion. Do not breathe near the infected person; conta¬ 
gion is generally taken into the stomach by means of the breath, not that 
the breath goes-into the siomach, but the noxious affiuvia are by inspira¬ 
tion brought into the mouth, and immediately connect themselves with 
the whole surface of the tongue and fauces, and in swallowing the saliva, 
are taken down into the stomach, and, there mixing with the aliment 
that is in the process of digestion, are conveyed by means of the lacteal 
vessels, through the whole of the circulation, corrupting and assimilating 
to themselves the whole mass of blood, and thus carry death to the heart, 
lungs, and the utmost of the capillary system. In visiting fever cases, I 
have been often conscious of having taken the contagion. On my return 
home, I have drunk a few mouthfuls of warm water, and then with a 
small point of a feather irritated the stomach to cause it to eject its con¬ 
tents. By these means I have frequently through mercy, been enabled 
to escape many a danger and many a death. Never swallow your saliva 
in a sick-room, especially where there is contagion; keep a handkerchief 
for that purpose, and wash your mouth frequently with tepid water. Keep 
to windward of every corpse:you bury. Never go out with an empty 
stomach, nor let your strength be prostrated by long abstinence from food. 
Life of Adam Clarke. 
Young Men’s Department. 
£The following brief address to young men was inserted in the Specimen 
Number of the Cultivator, issued in January, 1834. As this specimen num¬ 
ber had but a partial circulation, we comply with the request of a valued 
correspondent in republishing it.] 
“ The young men we would especially appeal to. You are des¬ 
tined soon to occupy the stage of public action, ap.d to fill the im¬ 
portant stations in society. Now is the time to prepare for those 
high duties, as well as for profit and distinction in your business. 
Your characters are but partially formed, and are yet susceptible, of 
receiving good or bad impressions, which are to last through life. 
It is important to you, to your friends, and to society, that these 
impressions should be for good. We will lay before you rules and 
examples of the wisest and best men, to aid you in the formation of 
your characters—to enable you to become intelligent and success¬ 
ful in your business,—useful and respectable in society,—and beloved 
and happy in your families. Do not object that you have no time to 
read. Few young men labor more hours than did Benjamin Frank¬ 
lin, or are more humble and self-dependent than he was in his 
youth; and yet Franklin found abundant time for self-instruction; 
and so indefatigable and successful was he in his studies, that he be 
came one of the most useful and celebrated men of the age. We 
need not limit the remark to Franklin. Most of the distinguished 
men of the day have risen from humble stations by their own indus 
try and frugality, and have acquired a great share of their know¬ 
ledge in the hours not allotted to ordinary business. Your winter 
evenings are your own, and may be applied usefully. They may be 
computed at one-fourth of the day, or one entire month in the year. 
Time is money: and the young man who appropriates this month to 
the acquiring of useful knowledge, does more to add to his future 
Yol.II. 17 
fortune, to say nothing of his intellectual wealth, than if he received 
pay for this month and loaned it upon interest. Knowledge is, in 
another respect, like money : the greater stock of it on hand, the 
more it will administer to the respectability and enjoyments of life. 
But kno" ledg'e is not to be acquired without exertion, nor is any 
thing else that -is useful in life. It is the labor we bestow in acquir¬ 
ing an object that imparts to it an intrinsic value. It has been well 
said that « although we may be learned by the help of others, we 
never can be wise but by our own wisdom.’ It is the humble de¬ 
sign of this monthly sheet to excite a laudable ambition to improve 
the mind as well as the soil. If we succeed in awakening the latent 
energies of the former, we think the latter will follow as a natural 
consequence, and our object will be attained.” 
FROM A FATHER TO HIS SON—No. 2. 
EDUCATION. 
There are few terms of mere indefinite meaning than the one 
which heads this letter. Some suppose it consists in learning to 
read, write and cipher; while others contend, that no young man 
can be deemed educated, or at least well educated, until he has been 
dubbed A. M. at the college, has passed a term at some academy, 
or has become a licentiate in one of the learned professions. My 
definition varies from both, and comprises more than either. I de¬ 
fine education— a knowledge of our religious, moral, political, social 
and relative duties, — and the habitual performance of them. 
The apprentice, who lias merely acquired the names of the tools 
which belong to a trade, may as well be deemed to have learnt that 
trade, as the boy to be educated, who has merely obtained school 
instruction. The tools are the means by which the apprentice, by 
attention and industry, is to acquire a knowledge of the trade, and 
his reputation as a mechanic will depend upon the fidelity and skill 
with which he employs them. Schooling is to the mental what tools 
are to the physical powers—the means of becoming useful to one’s 
self, and to society at large ;—and in both cases success and dis¬ 
tinction are wisely made to depend upon individual exertion. The 
boy may acquire the mechanical art, but the noblest powers of the 
mind are seldom developed but in manhood. Thus you perceive 
that I consider your education as having but commenced ; and that 
you have yet to learn, by study and reflection, those high duties of 
manhood which are to have an intimate bearing upon your future 
happiness and prosperity. Your mind has yet to be disciplined, by 
reading, observation and reflection, and your habits are yet to be 
fixed. Practice is as necessary in this as it is in mechanics—it is 
as necessary to make a fluent orator, or a graceful writer, as it is 
in cutting well a coat, or shoeing a horse. To stimulate you to the 
performance of duty and to deter you from habits of sloth, indolence 
and vice, I here venture to assure you, as a conviction growing out 
of half a century’s experience and observation,—that the practice of 
every virtue will bring its reward, in one shape or another—and 
that indulgence in vice, will as assuredly be followed by some cor¬ 
responding suffering, in mind or body. We enjoy animal propensi¬ 
ties in common with the brute creation;—but the higher feelings— 
the moral sentiments,—the pleasures of intellect,—belong peculiarly 
to man—and man rises in the scale of beings in proportion as he cul¬ 
tivates and improves these peculiar gifts of his Creator. 
THE NECESSITY OF GENERAL INTELLIGENCE IN A 
FREE GOVERNMENT. 
When the people govern, they should be virtuous and intelligent. 
They should be not only willing to obey the laws, but competent to 
make them. The very foundation of a republican government is 
based on good morals, and a general diffusion of knowledge among 
the whole people. Knowledge is not only essential to the prospe¬ 
rity of a free government, but absolutely necessary to its existence; 
it is at once the vital principle and the sustaining power. The ex¬ 
perience of the past has told us, that wherever there has been men¬ 
tal and moral light, there has been liberty; and wherever the people 
were ignorant, there was slavery. Since this is so, ignorance, which 
might be a misfortune in another country, is a crime in this; espe- 
cially, since the means of knowledge are within the reach of every 
individual. In this republic, the intelligence of each individual is 
the depository and defence of his liberty. The free institutions of 
the United States are not secured by armies, revenues or constitu¬ 
tions ; but by universal education. The education of the people 
stands in the place of armies, bulwarks and a throne. Knowledge 
and virtue are not only power and happiness, but they are “ liberty .” 
