1854 . 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
27 
Guano for Garden and Fruit Trees. 
Messrs. Editors —-Will you state in some of your 
papers, which is best for garden purposes, guano or 
bone dust, and in what quantities to the acre; also, 
what quantity might safely be applied to small trees, 
say eight or ten feet high.—L. D. Clift, Mystic 
Bridge, Conn. 
Guano is the most generally used of these two ma¬ 
nures, because it contains a much larger number of fer¬ 
tilizing ingredients. When the soil and plants are such 
as to be benefited to good advantage by bone dust dis¬ 
solved in sulphuric acid, this and guano are about 
equal in their effects; hut hone dust simply is several 
times less powerful, varying with its fineness, at the 
same time.it is more durable, 
Erom two to three and sometimes four hundred 
pounds of guano are applied to ordinary crops per acre, 
and about the same quantity of the superphosphate of 
lime, or dissolved hones. From half a ton to a ton 
of hone dust may be applied to an acre. Young fruit 
trees, whose roots do not extend beyond a circle of eight 
or ten feet, or in other Words^trees about eight or ten 
feet high, will be well manured. if a quarter to half a 
pound of guano is spread over this space for each tree, 
and then carefully spaded into the soil in autumn, or 
early in spring. If dug in later, the lack of moisture 
will prevent its being diffused through the soil. It is 
in all cases safer and more economical to make a com¬ 
post of the guano before application, by mixing it 
thoroughly with several times its bulk of soil, and an 
addition of stable manure to this mixture produces an 
excellent effect —— 
Fruit Trees in Oregon. 
I want to know, through your paper, what kinds are 
the best winter fruits, the largest sizes and most profit¬ 
able to grow for an orchard, and also the largest and 
best summer and fall apples, and also the best for ci¬ 
der, also the best time for transplanting. 
I have one seedling pear tree, the seed of which was 
planted in the spring of 1848, and now it bears seven 
pears ; and a seedling apple tree, planted in the spring 
of 1847, and this is the third crop of apples.—G. Ma¬ 
rion county , 0. T., ISeph, 1853. 
For summer apples, the Red Astrachan, Sops of 
Wine, Sweet Bough and Toole’s Indian Rareripe, stand 
first for good size and fair fruit. For autumn, Graven- 
stein, Porter, Dutch Mignonne, Hawley, Fall Pippin 
and Twenty Ounce. Haskell Sweet is the best and 
largest fall sweet apple. For winter, Belmont, Baldwin, 
Red Canada, Rhode Island Greening, White Bellflow¬ 
er, Rome Beauty, Swaar, Esopus Spitzenburgh, North¬ 
ern Spy, Peck’s Pleasant, Canada Reinett®. Jonathan, 
although not large, is fair, handsome, and very pro¬ 
ductive; We are not acquainted with cider apples, 
but the last named would no doubt he one of the best. 
Hewes’s Crab has had a high reputation for this pur¬ 
pose. 
The best time fo) transplanting, is at any time be¬ 
tween the fall of the leaf, in autumn, and the swelling 
of the buds, in spring. If the leaves do not fall soon 
after the cessation of growth, they may be stripped 
off artificially, and the work then performed with 
perfect safety. 
Knevett’s Giant Raspberry. 
There are four varieties of the raspberry, all of great 
value and excellence, that much resemble each other 
in general appearance and character ; these are the 
Fastolff, the Franconia, the Red Antwerp and Knevett’s 
Giant. On the light soils which we occupy, we find 
the Fastolff particularly fine, and the Franconia of 
nearly equal excellence, and harder for market. We 
have never found either of them tender, in a climate 
where the thermometer usually sinks, sometime during 
winter, down as low as five or six degrees below zero, 
and in severe winters to- ten or twelve below. '''The 
Red Antwerp is superior to either as a market sort, 
more particular on account of its firmness of texture, 
'but the berries are apt to be incomplete or imperfect, 
except on deep and strong, rather clayey, soils. Kne¬ 
vett’s Giant is a newer sort, which resembles much the 
Red Antwerp, except that the plant is said to be deci¬ 
dedly hardier. The berries are rounder and less coni¬ 
cally pointed. It needs further time to prove its fitness 
for general cultivation. 
We ought to add, in speaking of the hardiness of 
these sorts, that the Franconia and the Red Antwerp 
are frequently injured in localities no colder than our 
own, owing, perhaps, to suddeness of thawing, or other 
causes. For this reason, they are usually protected by 
bending over late in autumn, and covering with an inch 
or two of earth, which is removed in spripg about the 
time the ground thaws, or soon after. 
Protecting Trees from Mice and Rabbits. 
A writer in a former number of the Cultivator, re¬ 
commends wrapping paper around the bodies of young 
. . . . 
