THE CULTIVATOR. 
Jan. 
following explanations, may there¬ 
fore prove of service :— 
Pear trees on quince stocks 
should be set with the place of 
union even with or a little below 
the surface of the earth. It often 
happens, however, that the stock is 
destitute of roots for some inches 
below this point, as shown in Pig. 1, 
a being the place of junction. In 
order to induce the emission of 
roots, the stem may be tongued by 
raising about one inch of the bark, 
as shown at b b, and keeping it 
open by a small chip or piece of 
gravel. Roots will form without 
this care, but less speedily. 
After the stem has grown one 
year, it is cut down to a foot or 
foot and-a-half, which induces a 
crop of side-shoots near the ground 
Early in summer, the ends of the 
upper ones are pinched off, except 
one leader; leaving those below, 
which otherwise are apt to be the 
smallest and weakest, to develop 
and grow strong; after which they 
too are pinched off. This gives 
the two year trees an appearance 
like Fig. 2, which is the incipient 
pyramid. 
The third year, the side-branch¬ 
es will of themselves throw out 
three or four shoots, as shown in 
Fig. 3; these must be treated like 
the two year tree, that is, a leader 
must be left of each, and the oth¬ 
ers nipped off at the ends, like 
Fig. 4. The terminal buds on these pinched shoots 
may break and send out second shoots; if so, these 
must be again pinched off shorter than at the first. 
Trees are often purchased at three years, ready 
trained as here described, which will of course save 
the purchaser thisdabor; but. the same principles must 
be applied in pruning the side-branches in subsequent 
years, the pinched shoots,, a a , Fig. 4, forming fruit 
spurs, and beginning to afford moderate crops the third, 
fourth and fifth years. The trees should not be allow¬ 
ed to bear heavily till some years afterwards, as heavy 
fruiting and scant manuring is one reason of the short 
lives or feeble existence of many dwarf pear trees. 
Upright growing trees, such as the Buffum, Louise 
Bonne Jersey, and Tyson, should have the leaders 
of the branches selected on the lower side, so as to 
give the pyramids a more spreading form ; while with 
the Winkfield, Diel, Angouleme, and Glout Morceau, 
whose branches assume a more horizontal position, this 
precaution is not necessary. 
In climates like ours, subject to deep snows, a 
naked stem a foot high, is safest from danger of split¬ 
ting down. 
Fig. 4. 
It should be observed that as the roots of the quince 
are small and numerous, and never extend so far as 
pear roots, it is especially necessary that they be well 
supplied with nourishment by repeated manuring, and 
be kept well cultivated. 
Barren and Fertile Flowers. 
A correspondent mentions the case of a Spanish 
chestnut , that owing to a defect in the anthers, has 
rarely borne fruit, but which he has fertilized and ren¬ 
dered productive by dusting the flowers by a branch 
of the common chestnut cut off and brought ten miles, 
lie adds, “ Dioecious plants often produce fruit when 
there is only one in the neighborhood. The Irish Yew 
now has several red berries; and the American Yew 
has been most productive,—yet I have only one plant 
of each. On the English Yew, I have never yet seen 
a berry. 
“ Juniperus is also dioecious. I have but one plant 
of the J. communis, but it hangs full of berries. It 
may be a question, however, whether such seeds will 
grow 1 I cannot answer it. It seems strange that the 
berries should swell to their full size, if they are bar¬ 
ren ; yet there is a grape producing berries without 
seeds ; and my chestnut has the case for the nut, but 
no pit or kernel 
