1854 . THE CULTIVATOR. ' 281 
Ground Plan of Mr. Calvert's Farm Buildings. 
ing, than any other, and that the same amount of ac¬ 
commodation cannot be obtained for the same amount 
of cost from any other shape. All tl e liquid manure 
passes immediately into the tanks, which are sufficient¬ 
ly removed from the buildings to prevent any injurious 
effects upon the animals. While on this part of the 
subject I cannot refrain from expressing my abhor¬ 
rence of the plan which I have seen highly recom¬ 
mended in certain high quarters, of having cellars un¬ 
der barns to receive all the manure, and at the same 
time converting these cellars into hog pens, thereby 
fercing one of our most valuable animals not only to 
lie and live in his own filth, but actually to live upon 
the filth of other animals, and I have often thought 
that those who recommend such an abominable prac¬ 
tice, might be taught better by being for a short time 
themselves subjected to a similar process. 
One of the great errors in buildings for animals as 
well as man, has been the want of proper ventilation, 
and there is no doubt that many of the diseases, to 
which they are subject, have been principally owing 
to this cause, and it is most strange that, in this im¬ 
proving age, any one should recommend such a filthy 
practice, as the one of having all the manure placed 
immediately under the animals. 
In regard to the proper saving of manure, I believe 
that the system at present coming into use in England, 
of throwing it all in large tanks or vats, and diluting 
it with water, and then forcing it over the farm through 
pipes, to be the best and most economical as a. perma¬ 
nent system, because the expenses of pipes, pumps, 
&c., will in a few years be exceeded by the daily, 
monthly, and yearly expenses of hauling it upon the 
land by carts. I contend that at the present price of 
guano, and its great effect on our lands, we cannot af¬ 
ford to haul stable manure more than half a mile, be¬ 
cause the mere cost of hauling is as great as the cost 
of an amount of guano, which will produce an equal 
if not superior effect, and it is therefore necessary to 
use the stable manure near the place of manufacture. 
If however it is determined to form compost heaps, by 
mixing the stable manure with, earth and other sub¬ 
stances, I would advise that it be hauled from the sta¬ 
ble every day to the field where the compost is to be 
applied, and the heaps formed‘there, as by this method 
great economy of time and labor is effected. It will 
be perceived, by an examination of the draught of the 
ground plan of these buildings, that they are all very 
conveniently arranged with regard to one another, and 
the same buildings may be used for different purposes 
according to the wants of the farm. The buildings on 
the outer range, can have, if it be necessary, a yard 
very conveniently attached to each. The superinten- 
ent’s house is located about one hundred feet from the 
main entrance, and therefore the whole establishment 
comes immediately under his observation. 
Since the commencement of this Essay, I have erec¬ 
ted a building sixty by twenty-six feet, on the outside 
of the fold yard, and running partly along the east 
line of the same, which is intended for a steam saw, 
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