ISM, 
THE OULUVATOR 
S37 
These experiments indicate in a most striking man¬ 
ner the importance of ammonia as a fertilizer. By 
tffe use -of rnaures yielding ammonia, not only is the 
absolute -.quantity of a crop increased, but the relative 
amount of nitrogenous material therein is also con¬ 
siderably heightened. When we bear in rmnd the per~ 
feetly established feet, that other things being equal, 
the ability of a man or beast to sustain exertion, is 
proportionate to the amount of assimilable nitrogenous 
bodies ^albumen, fibrin, casein, -&e.) in the food, we see 
how important it is to fee in possession of means of in¬ 
creasing this proportion in vegetable food, in most kinds 
©f which it is too small to support a laboring -man to 
the best advantage. 
The injuries resulting from the'excessive use of gua- 
,no, and other aatmsoniaeal manures, are of a character 
similar to those mentioned by Ville, and without 
doubt are due to the same cause. S. W. J. 
Guano and Stable Manures. 
<x-EirtXEM®N—In reply to the call made upon me 
in the last No. of your valuable journal, (like Coun¬ 
try GmOemsm^ I take pleasure in stating that at the 
ti me my essay was written, guano was sold at $46 the 
long ton | and taking this as the basis of my calcula¬ 
tion, I stated.that barn-yard manure should be applied 
to tike land adjacent to the place where it was manu¬ 
factured, u because the mere cost of hauling would be 
as great as the cost of an amount of guano which would 
produce aa equal if u&t superior effect.” 
I still eortend that this is true in regard to the poor 
worn-out land in this section, for which guano seems 
peculiarly adapted, because the expense of hauling 40 
horse cart loads «f stable manure any distance over 
half a mile, will be at least $5,00, and that sum ex¬ 
pended in guano at $46 the long ton, will produce a 
greater effect than the 4© loads of stable manure. 
Whether the effect will be as lasting is another matter, 
which we must determine by practical experiments 
I trust no -one will understand me as under-valuing 
■ stable manure, because my Argument was merely in¬ 
tended to show the importance of using the stable ma¬ 
nure, which is a bulky article, near the plaee of manu¬ 
facture, asd thereby save the expense of labor,.which 
consumes so much of the profits of all farming opera¬ 
tions. My argument was also founded upon the as¬ 
sumption,'which I think correct, that the cost of spread¬ 
ing the 40 leads of stable manure would' cover every 
expense of the guano except the first cost of the ar¬ 
ticle. 
In regard to the manner of applying it, I will state 
there is great difference of opinion, and therefore I 
will give you my own method, without Claiming it ; as 
the -best. I never apply it to any but fall or winter 
crops, because it requires a great deal of moisture to 
bring out its full effects, and I prefer having it in con¬ 
tact with the seed, but a very short distance from the 
surface, although others contend it should be plowed 
under very deep. 
I regret that I am unable to give you more valuable 
information, and trust that some one, who has had 
imdre experience in its use, will reply to the interroga¬ 
tories of your Correspondent. Very respectfully, 
■ChasV B. Calvert, 
Riversdale^ Md. .Sept. 25, 1854. 
Albany County Agricultural Society. 
THE SECON© AJNNUAI, FAIR. 
The Exhibition took place on Washington Parade 
Oiouad in this city. Tuesday, Wednesday and Thurs¬ 
day of last week. The ground comprising ten acres, 
was enclosed, and the arrangements for the accommoda¬ 
tion of stock and manufactured articles Were very per¬ 
fect. Within a track, half a mile ,in circuit, were three 
large temporary buildings,of which was devoted 
to Fruit and Flowers, another to miscellaneous articles, 
and the third to the handiwork of the ladies. At one 
end of the grounds, the horses were ranged, and the 
cattle at the other. The coops for poultry occupied a 
position on one side, arid the pens for sheep and swine 
were placed parallel with the fixtures for cattle. The 
limited space which we can devote to a notice of the 
Fair compels us to speak more briefly than we should 
choose of the several Departments. 
Stock Department. —The number of exhibitors 
in this department was 184. The display of horses, 
especially of matched and single carriage and trotting 
horses was very fine. We have seldom seen a larger 
proportion of really superior animals at any similar ex¬ 
hibition. Among those worthy of special mention 
were a span of Draught Horses exhibited by C. V. S. 
Truax of Albany, and a scarcely less valuable span 
shown by Putman and Hoyt of this city. A span of 
Black Hawks, belonging to Richard H. Pease, receiv¬ 
ed the first premium for matched horses for family 
use. and attracted general attention by their beauty, 
spirit, and fine action. A span of carriage horses 
were shown by Gen. John. F. Townsend, which had 
seen twenty five years of service and still retained the 
marks of blood and power of endurance. A discretion¬ 
ary premium was very justly awarded them. Wm. 
A. Wharton exhibited a span of Horses for all work, 
which received the first premium in their class, and 
were much admired. Of the single horses of superior 
qualities, there was no end. Many of these were from 
the city; still the country contributed its full quota of 
high-bred and well trained animals. A large number 
of beautiful saddle horses were exhibited, and the 
competition for the premiums in this class was as 
spirited as in any other Very few Societies, as far as 
we know, offer premiums for Saddle Horses, and we 
think it would fee well if the example set by this Soci¬ 
ety were generally imitated. The display of Horses 
was the great feature of the Fair, and the crowd that 
thronged the track seemed to be never weary of watch¬ 
ing the splendid animals, equally anxious to make the 
most of their good points. 
The Show of Cattle, Sheep and Swine was very small. 
This was partly owing to the severe drouth which has 
made stock look thin, but the meagre display did not 
