FOREST RESOURCES 17 
Ohio Rivers to central Louisiana, Mississippi antl Alabama, and 
west to the Great Plains. The chief commercial species are the 
oaks, sugar maple, yellow poplar, red gum, chestnut, beech, 
birch, basswood, hickory, elm, ash and cottonwood. 
The lumber cut in 1919 of the above hardwoods was 6,872, 
576,000 board feet or 20.3 per cent of the total lumber cut of tlic 
country. 
Yellow Poplar. — One of the more valuable hardwoods is the 
yellow poplar {Liriodendron tulipiferd) which occurs, chiefly, in 
the rich hardwood forests of Virginia, West Virginia, Tennessee, 
North Carolina and Kentucky. It is used chiefly for weather- 
boarding, interior finish, furniture, bodies of automobiles and 
carriages, wagon boxes, woodenware, box boards and paper 
pulp. Wide boards command a high price for panels and shelving. 
The average stand per acre is seldom more than 2000 board 
feet. 
The cut in 1920 was 350,000,000 board feet. 
Oaks. — White oak (Quercus alba) is the most valuable of the 
numerous oaks and the best timber comes from the Appalachian 
region. The wood is used chiefly for high grade furniture, coop- 
erage stock, car frame material, flooring, interior finish, agri- 
cultural implements, and crossties for railroads. 
Several species belonging to the white oak group are now 
marketed as white oak, although l)ut few show the fine radial 
markings of Quercus alba. 
The red and black oaks are indigenous to the same region as 
the white oaks and are now used extensiveh^ for cooperage, 
interior finish, car frame material, furniture and many other 
uses where strength is essential. They are not as durable as 
the white oaks but large quantities are treated with preservatives 
and used for crossties. 
The cut of oak lumber of all kinds in 1920 was 2,500,000,000 
board feet. 
Maple. — Lumber is manufactured from several species, 
namely, the hard maple {Acer saccharum), the black maple (A. 
nigrum), the red maple (A. rubrum), the silver maple {A. sac- 
charinum) and the Oregon maple {A. macrophyllum) . The hard 
and the black maples produce the most valuable lumber, which 
is cut chiefly in Pennsylvania, the Lake States, New York, West 
Virginia, Ohio, Indiana and some of the southern and New 
