FOREST RESOURCES 9 
The manufacture of by-products, such as pulp, and products 
of distillation from mill waste and forest refuse is growing in 
importance. 
Longleaf grows chiefly in pure stands which run from 5000 to 
25,000 board feet per acre; shortleaf which seldom exceeds 6000 
feet per acre occurs with hardwoods on richer soils; virgin lob- 
lolly in southern Arkansas is associated with shortleaf in nearly 
pure pine forests ranging from 5000 to 30,000 feet per acre, the 
former comprising from 60 to 80 per cent of the total stand. 
The average stand over large areas does not exceed 10,000 feet. 
In the Coastal Plain region the second-growth forests of loblolly 
average from 5000 to 6000 feet per acre with a maximum of 15,000 
feet. The choicest longleaf stumpage is found in Calcasieu 
Parish in southwestern Louisiana. Logging has become more 
intensive during recent years and loggers now get from three 
to five times more timber per acre than formerly. 
The lumber cut in 1920 was 11,091,000,000 board feet. 
Western Yellow Pine. — Western j^ellow pine (Pinus ponderosa) 
is one of the more important merchantable species in the Rocky 
Mountain region. Its market is chiefly confined to the territory 
in which it grows where it is used for general construction purposes 
and for mining timbers. 
The stand in the Sierras, where it grows in mixture with sugar 
pine, Douglas fir, incense cedar and firs, ranges from 2000 to 
22,000 board feet per acre with an average of about 8000 feet. In 
Arizona and New Mexico it ranges from 3500 to 15,000 feet per 
acre and in the Black Hills of North Dakota about 6,000 feet. 
Maximum stands of 40,000 feet per acre have been reported. 
The cut of western yellow pine for 1920 was 2,290,000,000 
board feet. 
White Pine. — White pine {Pinus strobus) is of less importance 
in our lumber markets than formerly. Its manufacture is now 
chiefly confined to the state of Minnesota which contains the 
greater part of the remaining stumpage. 
Intensive utilization is practised, because of the high value 
of the better grades of lumber and the extensive demand for low 
grades for box board material for which this species is especially 
adapted. 
The virgin stands of white pine in Michigan averaged from 
10,000 to 75,000 board feet per acre, although a yield of 25 000 
feet was considered good. 
