8 LOGGING 
which is shipped to Europe, Asia, the South Sea Islands and the 
western coast of South America. 
Douglas fir grows in dense, almost pure stands in the Pacific 
Coast region yielding an average of from 35,000 to 60,000 board 
feet of merchantable timber per acre, with from 150,000 to 250,000 
feet in the better stands. Single trees have scaled 60,000 feet. 
The maximum reported yield per acre of Douglas fir is 585,000 
feet. This timber grew on the north shore of Puget Sound. 
The cut of Douglas fir in 1920 was 6,960,000,000 board feet. 
Southern Yellow Pine. — There are three species of yellow pine 
of commercial importance in the southern region; namely, long- 
leaf (Pinus palustris), shortleaf (P. echinata), and loblolly (P. 
tceda). The lumber manufactured from them is often marketed 
under the trade name of southern yellow pine, although it is 
customary for manufacturers in the longleaf region to sell all 
species under the name of " longleaf," while in parts of Arkansas 
and Louisiana loblolly is marketed as "soft shortleaf." In the 
Coastal Plain region of Virginia and the Carolinas where loblolly 
predominates the product is sold under the trade name of "North 
Carolina Pine." In some of the large eastern markets like New 
York and Philadelphia southern yellow pine often is sold under 
the trade name of "longleaf," or of "shortleaf," the distinction 
being based on the physical character of the wood. The term 
longleaf is applied to timbers and lumber having narrow annual 
rings, while coarse-grained lumber is called shortleaf. 
Longleaf is preferred for timbers and flooring when maxi- 
mum strength or wearing quality is desired, while loblolly and 
shortleaf are used chiefly for finish and for general construction 
purposes. 
The annual production of yellow pine reached its maximum in 
1909. Operators estimate that many of the largest mills will 
be cut out during the next ten years. 
The yellow pine forests are now the source of most of the lum- 
ber consumed in the South, and much of that used in the prairie 
regions of the Middle West. Southern yellow pine products 
are also shipped to New England, Canada, nearly all countries 
of Europe, to many parts of eastern South America and to the 
West Indies. They also have been the chief source of the rail- 
road lumber supplies of the East and South. 
The longleaf forests for many years have furnished a large 
part of the world's supply of naval stores. 
