FOREST RESOURCES 5 
Government 27.1 per cent and states and municipalities 2.6 per 
cent. A Bureau of Corporation report^ states that approximately 
46 per cent of the private holdings are in the Pacific Northwest, 
29.1 per cent in the southern pine region, 4.5 per cent in the Lake 
States and 20.4 per cent in other regions. 
The ownership of the timber lands in the Pacific Northwest 
is concentrated in a comparatively few hands. Three interests 
in 1913, the date of the report, controlled 11 per cent, eight 
holders 15.6 per cent, twenty-two holders 20.8 per cent, and one 
hundred and ninety-five holders 38 per cent of the total private- 
ly owned stumpage in the United States. 
In the South the holdings have not been so large because the 
stand of timber per acre is lower than on the Pacific Coast, and 
there have not been the large land grants which were common 
in the West; consequently the timber has been held by a greater 
number of companies. Twenty-nine interests owned 16 per cent 
of the total standing timber in the region; sixty-seven holders, 
24 per cent; one hundred and fifty-nine owners, 33 per cent; and 
five hundred and fifty-eight holders, approximately 50 per cent. 
The sixty-seven largest interests controlled 39 per cent of the 
longleaf, 19 per cent of the lobloll}^ and shortleaf, 29 per cent of 
the cj^press and 11 per cent of the hardwood stumpage. In 
1912 it was estimated that only 1,200,000 acres of yellow pine, 
containing 18,000,000,000 board feet were not held by manu- 
facturers. ^ 
In the Lake States, six interests controlled 54 per cent of the 
white and Norway pine stumpage, 16 per cent of other conifers 
and 2 per cent of the hardwoods, and thirty-three interests con- 
trolled 77 per cent of the white and Norway pine. 
The timber in other regions is divided among many owners, 
controlling a limited acreage. Few holdings in the Northeast 
aggregate more than 100,000 acres. 
The chief logging regions pre\dous to 1870 were the New Eng- 
land and Middle Atlantic States, but about 1880 the Lake States 
showed a larger production than any other section. Although 
1 See The Lumber Industrj'^, Part I, Standing Timber. Bureau of Cor- 
porations, Dept. of Commerce and Labor, Washington, 1913. 
_ " Estimate by James D. Lacey and Co., Chicago, IHinois. See Official 
Report Tenth Annual Convention National Lumber Manufacturers' Asso- 
ciation, May 7 and 8, 1912, p. 94. 
