56 
LOGGING 
in the territory west of the Rocky Mountains, especially in the 
Inland Empire and in the Northwest. Various sporadic efforts 
to unionize loggers in other sections have been unsuccessful. The 
Loyal Legion of Loggers and Lumbermen (4 L's), first organized 
in 1917, is the dominating labor organization in the logging 
industry on the Pacific Coast and in the Inland Empire. 
ORGANIZATION 
The division of responsibility on a typical logging operation 
on the Pacific Coast is shown on page 55^ that for a southern yellow 
pine railroad operation on page 56, and for an operation in the 
Northeast on page 56. Various modifications of the above may 
be found on individual operations, but in general the scheme of 
organization is as outlined. 
ORGANIZATION OF A SOUTHERN RAILROAD LOGGING 
OPERATION 
Location en- Grading contractors 
gineer (main 
line railroad) 
Laborers 
Woods fore- 
Team boss 
/Teamsters 
man 
]Swampers 
Felling contractor 
Woods sawyers 
Camp blacksmith 
General 
Barn man 
Manager 
Grading boss (spurs) 
Laborers 
Loader foreman and 
Loader crew 
Train master 
engineer 
Steel crew foreman 
Steel crew 
Train conductors 
Train crews 
Section boss 
Section crews 
Shop foreman (mill) 
Shop crew 
ORGANIZ 
ATION OF A NORTHERN LOGGING OPERATION 
Scaler and clerk 
Sawyers 
Saw boss 
Saw filer 
Road foreman 
Toters 
Woods fore- 
Cook 
Flunkies 
man 
General 
Teamsters 
Manager 
Skidding foreman 
Road repair crew 
Swampers 
Skidwaymen 
Barn man 
Landing boss 
Landing crew 
Drive foreman Log drivers (small 
streams) 
