CHAPTER V 
WOODWORKERS' TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT 
AXES 
An ax head consists of two parts: namely, the bit or cutting'; 
edge and the head or poll. The latter has an eye into which is 
fitted the helve or handle. There are several types of axes, chief 
among which are the falling ax, the broadax and the turpentine ax. 
Falling Ax. — This is used for felling, log-making, swamping 
and other chopping work. The head is made in a variety of 
patterns and of several weights. It tapers from the poll to 
the bit and has either smooth, slightly concave or beveled sides. 
The eye is oval-shaped and has a larger diameter on the side op- 
posite the handle in order that a wedge may be inserted in the 
handle head. The head may have one or two cutting edges. 
The former is known as a single-bitted and the latter as a double- 
bitted ax. A single-bit is in common use where a light ax is 
required, where a single cutting blade is needed, or where the 
ax is to be used for striking. A double-bitted ax is service- 
able where a woodsman has need of a sharp cutting edge, and at 
times must cut dry knots and other material that quickly dull 
the tool. It is a favorite with swampers and some sawyers prefer 
it for driving wedges. 
Bits are made of steel and are either straight or curved. They 
must be properly tempered, for if too soft the edge will turn 
and if too hard it will break. 
The weight of the head depends on the character of work that 
is to be performed and the personal ideas of the laborer. 
In the Northeast fallers prefer an ax head weighing from 3j to 
4 pounds, while the western loggers prefer one weighing from 3| 
to 4^ pounds. 
Swampers and others who cut limbs and brush, snipe logs and 
perform similar work use an ax head weighing from 4 to 5 pounds. 
The handles for single-bitted axes are either curved or straight, 
the choice being chiefly one of individual preference. Handles 
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