88 LOGGING 
example, Yankee sawyers take a quick, light stroke, while Scan- 
dinavians take a slower stroke, and ''ride" the saw harder. 
Saws for the latter class of workmen should have shorter rakers 
than for the former. 
Saw-fitting may be done by a member of the saw crew or by a 
regular filer who works either in the forest or at the camp. In 
the former case, the filer usually makes a saw stand by cutting 
off a 3- or 4-inch sapling at a convenient working height and 
then sawing a slot about 3 inches deep in the top of it in which the 
back of the saw is placed. Post supports are driven in the ground 
at a distance of from 24 to 30 inches on either side of the sapling 
in order to support the saw ends. The saw is then shifted along 
the supports, as the filing proceeds, the actual work being done 
at the point where the saw blade rests in the slot in the sapling. 
Some convenient stump is used as a base for the setting block, 
if a "stump set" is used. 
Filing in camps is done in a specially equipped shop provided 
with a permanent saw stand, and in some cases with'a power-driven 
emery wheel which is used to grind down the gullets of the saw. 
The latter practice is not followed when saws are filed in the 
forest. 
The steps in saw-fittings are as follows: 
(1) Joint the teeth. This consists in running a file over the 
tooth points in order to make all of them a uniform length. 
The dull tooth points must later be sharpened. 
(2) Adjusting the length of the rakers. If they are to be 
swaged they are left the same length as the teeth. If they are 
to remain unswaged they are cut down by placing the raker gauge 
over the raker and filing down to the required length. Rakers 
are filed to a keen, sharp edge which should be exactly at right 
angles to the saw blade. If the teeth are to be swaged they are 
struck lightly on the point with a hammer and the point turned 
down. 
(3) File the teeth. The harder the wood the less the bevel 
required. Having chosen the style of tooth point to be used 
(Fig. 10) file each tooth, taking care not to reduce its length. A 
beginner is inclined to file too heavily and thus wear down the 
teeth too rapidly. Start at the heel of the bevel and run the file 
towards the point using a rather light free stroke, 
(4) Set the teeth. This may be done either with a setting 
